Le nucléaire en Chine

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Agrandir Relecture du sujet : Le nucléaire en Chine

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 01 mars 2024, 22:52

suite de ce post du 13 janvier 2023 http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 9#p2360889
aprés Fangchenggang 3 , Fangchenggang 4 :
Fangchenggang 4 receives operating licence

28 February 2024

China's National Nuclear Safety Administration has granted an operating licence for unit 4 of the Fangchenggang nuclear power plant in China's Guangxi Autonomous Region. The unit is the second of two demonstration China General Nuclear-designed Hualong One (HPR1000) reactors at the site.

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Fangchenggang units 3 and 4 (Image: CGN)

Obtaining the licence is "an important step towards high-quality production and commercial operation", China General Nuclear (CGN) said, adding that the loading of fuel into the 1180 MWe (gross) pressurised water reactor's core "is about to start".

First concrete was poured for the nuclear island of unit 3 - 39% owned by Guangxi Investment Group and 61% by CGN - in December 2015, while that for unit 4 was poured a year later. Unit 3 was originally expected to start up in 2019, with unit 4 scheduled to start up in 2020. Both their start-ups were subsequently postponed until 2022.

In January 2022, CGN announced that the start-up of Fangchenggang 3 and 4 had been put back again due to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Unit 3 achieved first criticality - a sustained chain reaction - on 27 December 2022 and was synchronised with the grid on 10 January 2023. It entered commercial operation on 25 March.

Hot functional testing of unit 4 began on 25 September last year. These tests involve increasing the temperature of the reactor coolant system and carrying out comprehensive tests to ensure that coolant circuits and safety systems are operating as they should. Carried out before the loading of nuclear fuel, such testing simulates the thermal working conditions of the power plant and verifies that nuclear island and conventional equipment and systems meet design requirements.

CGN has confirmed that unit 4 is expected to be put into operation in the first half of this year.

The Fangchenggang plant is planned to house six reactors. The first phase comprises two CPR-1000 units which were put into commercial operation in 2016.

The first two units of China National Nuclear Corporation's version of the Hualong One design at the Fuqing plant in Fujian province have both already started up. Unit 5 entered commercial operation on 30 January 2021, with unit 6 following on 25 March 2022.
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... ng-licence

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 24 févr. 2024, 15:32

suite de ce post du 17 sept 2022 http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 6#p2352766
Construction starts on second phase of Zhangzhou plant

22 February 2024

The first safety-related concrete has been poured for the nuclear island of unit 3 at the Zhangzhou nuclear power plant in Fujian province, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced. It is the first of two Hualong One units planned as the second phase of the plant, which will eventually house six such reactors.

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The first concrete is poured for the basemat of Zhangzhou unit 3 (Image: CNNC)

In May 2014, the local government gave approval for Phase I of the Zhangzhou plant, comprising two AP1000 units. The National Nuclear Safety Administration gave approval in December 2015 for the AP1000 units and confirmed site selection in October 2016. Construction of Phase I had originally been expected to start in May 2017. However, CNNC subsequently decided to use the HPR1000 (Hualong One) design instead. Two more Hualong One units are planned for Phase II of the plant and a further two proposed for Phase III.

Construction of Zhangzhou 1 began in October 2019, with that of unit 2 starting in September 2020. The units are scheduled to enter commercial operation in 2024 and 2025, respectively.

CNNC issued the environmental impact assessment for Zhangzhou units 3 and 4 in October 2020. In September 2022, China's State Council approved the construction of two Hualong One units as Phase II of the Zhangzhou plant.

CNNC has now announced that work on Phase II has commenced, with the pouring of first concrete for the nuclear island of unit 3 on 22 February.

The Zhangzhou project is owned by CNNC-Guodian Zhangzhou Energy Company, a joint venture between CNNC (51%) and China Guodian Corporation (49%).

The first two demonstration units of CNNC's version of the Hualong One design at the Fuqing plant in Fujian province have both already started up. Unit 5 entered commercial operation on 30 January 2021, with unit 6 following on 25 March 2022. Two Hualong One reactors have also been constructed as units 2 and 3 of the Karachi plant in Pakistan's Sindh province. These entered commercial operation in May 2021 and April 2022, respectively.

"At present, the first four units of Hualong One have been completed and put into operation, and the batch construction is progressing smoothly," CNNC said. "Among them, the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Project is the starting point for the batch construction of Hualong One: unit 1 is expected to be put into operation in 2024; unit 2 is undergoing cold test-related preparations such as the installation of internal components of the reactor."

In addition to Zhangzhou units 1-3, CNNC is also building two Hualong One reactors as units 3 and 4 of the Changjiang plant, in Hainan province, construction of which began in March 2021 and December 2021, respectively.

Earlier this week, it also held a ground-breaking ceremony for Phase I of the Jinqimen plant in Zhejiang province, which will also feature two Hualong One reactors.
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... hangzhou-p

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 07 janv. 2024, 16:55

China approves construction of four new reactors

03 January 2024

The construction of two Hualong One reactors at each of the Taipingling and Jinqimen sites was approved by China's State Council at a 29 December meeting. Meanwhile, various milestones have been reached in the construction of other Chinese units.

At the meeting of the Standing Committee of the State Council, chaired by Chinese Premier Li Qiang, approval was granted for units 3 and 4 at China General Nuclear's (CGN's) existing Taipingling nuclear power plant in Guangdong province, as well as units 1 and 2 at China National Nuclear Corporation's (CNNC's) new Jinqimen nuclear power plant in Zhejiang province.

The Taipingling plant will eventually have six Hualong One reactors. The construction of the first and second units began in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Unit 1 is scheduled to start up in 2025, with unit 2 following in 2026.
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https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... w-reactors

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 19 déc. 2023, 20:21

GillesH38 a écrit :
19 déc. 2023, 10:44
De symbole chimique He, l’hélium est un gaz dont les propriétés satisfaisantes de conduction et transfert de chaleur représentent un avantage : il n’interfère que peu avec les neutrons. C’est une qualité, car le fluide circule directement dans le cœur là où la réaction se produit. Grâce à sa propriété non métallique, il pourra monter plus haut en température : jusqu’à 700 °C lui sont imposés dans le cœur. À ce palier haut, il reste liquide sans changer de phase.
de l'hélium liquide à 700 °C ? euh, il a du y avoir une confusion quelque part ....
oui ca m'a choqué aussi de la part du rédacteur. C'est pas pour rien que ça s'appelle ''High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor''

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par GillesH38 » 19 déc. 2023, 10:44

De symbole chimique He, l’hélium est un gaz dont les propriétés satisfaisantes de conduction et transfert de chaleur représentent un avantage : il n’interfère que peu avec les neutrons. C’est une qualité, car le fluide circule directement dans le cœur là où la réaction se produit. Grâce à sa propriété non métallique, il pourra monter plus haut en température : jusqu’à 700 °C lui sont imposés dans le cœur. À ce palier haut, il reste liquide sans changer de phase.
de l'hélium liquide à 700 °C ? euh, il a du y avoir une confusion quelque part ....

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 19 déc. 2023, 10:08

Nucléaire : voici le réacteur à « lit de boulets », une technologie hyper prometteuse
Un second réacteur modulaire avancé (AMR en anglais) de 4ᵉ génération refroidi par hélium a été mis en service en Chine. C’est une grande avancée technologique pour ce type de réacteur à haute température (HT), domaine dans lequel l’Allemagne était jadis pionnière. Il utilise la technologie à « lit de boulets », censée apporter sûreté, modularité et permettrait, au-delà de la production électrique, de fournir de la vapeur industrielle et du chauffage urbain bas-carbone. Mais comment fonctionne-t-elle ?

18 Déc 2023 Ugo PETRUZZI
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lire https://www.revolution-energetique.com/ ... ometteuse/

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 16 déc. 2023, 13:57

voir l' entrée Wikipedia pour ce type de réacteur. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTR-PM

et
China’s Pebble Bed Reactor Finally Starts Commercial Operation
December 13, 2023 by Brian Wang
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Image
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/12/c ... ation.html

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 16 déc. 2023, 12:29

suite du post au dessus. C'est donc un Pebble-bed Module reactor
China's demonstration HTR-PM enters commercial operation

06 December 2023

The world’s first modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant has entered commercial operation, China’s National Energy Administration has announced.

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The nuclear island of HTR-PM Demo (Image: Tsinghua University)

It follows a successful 168-hour demonstration run for the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor - Pebble-bed Module (HTR-PM) in Shidao Bay (also known as Shidaowan), in Shandong Province, which is currently operating at 2×200 MWt power.

The HTR-PM features two small reactors (each of 250 MWt) that drive a single 210 MWe steam turbine. It uses helium as coolant and graphite as the moderator. Each reactor is loaded with more than 400,000 spherical fuel elements (‘pebbles’), each 60 mm in diameter and containing 7 g of fuel enriched to 8.5%. Each pebble has an outer layer of graphite and contains some 12,000 four-layer ceramic-coated fuel particles dispersed in a graphite matrix. The fuel has high inherent safety characteristics, and has been shown to remain intact and to continue to contain radioactivity at temperatures up to 1620°C - far higher than the temperatures that would be encountered even in extreme accident situations, according to the China Nuclear Energy Association.

First concrete for the demonstration project was poured on December 2012, with the operating permit granted in August 2021 and the plant connected to the grid in December 2021. ​The plant has more than 2200 sets of first-of-a-kind equipment, including more than 660 sets of innovative equipment. The supporting fuel element production line has the largest production capacity in the world.

The project is a collaborative effort involving Tsinghua University as a technical leader, responsible for research and development and main components and systems design, with China Huaneng Group as the owner and operator of the plant, and China National Nuclear Coorporation as the engineering, procurement, and construction contractor and fuel manufacturer. Professor Zuoyi Zhang, director of the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology at Tsinghua University, is the chief scientist and chief engineer for the project.

HTR-PM is a Generation IV nuclear energy technology and a small modular reactor. Two safety demonstration tests were conducted on the reactor modules, each at a power of 200 MWt, on 13 August and 1 September, respectively.

A Tsinghua spokesperson said: "The normal energy transfer driven by power was stopped during the tests. The measured nuclear power and temperatures within the different reactor structures, described how the reactors were naturally cooled down, without intervention of humans or emergency core cooling systems. The tests confirmed that commercial-scale reactors could be cooled down naturally without emergency core cooling systems for the first time in the world. It is the so-called inherently safe reactor.

"The major purpose of HTR-PM is to co-generate high temperature steam up to 500℃ and electricity. It is cost effective currently in the Chinese market to supply steam and electricity for the petrochemical industry to substitute the burning of natural gas and coal. This breakthrough technology is recognised to play a positive role in optimising energy structure and achieving China's 'dual carbon' goal. Several commercial projects are under preparation in China."

China's National Energy Administration, in announcing the start of commercial operation, said: "The commissioning of the demonstration project is of great significance and has a positive impact on promoting the safe development of nuclear power in our country and improving our country's nuclear power power scientific and technological innovation capabilities."

In an interview last year for World Nuclear Association's World Nuclear Performance Report 2022, Lu Hua Quan, chairman of the Nuclear Research Institute, Huaneng Company, explained: "HTRs have the highest operating temperatures of all existing reactor types, and are also the only reactors that can provide very high-temperature process heat." He said there was export potential, especially to countries and regions where freshwater resources were scarce, adding that "HTRs could in the future provide a source of high-quality high-temperature process heat for various industries, in particular those that are required to limit their carbon emissions".

The HTR-PM follows on from China's HTR-10, a 10 MWt high-temperature gas-cooled experimental reactor at Tsinghua University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, which started up in 2000 and reached full power in 2003. Beyond the HTR-PM, China proposes a scaled-up version - HTR-PM600 - with one turbine rated at 650 MWe driven by six reactor modules.
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... -operation

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 07 déc. 2023, 01:30

suite de ce post du 14 nov 2021 http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 4#p2330454
Nucléaire : la Chine met en service la première centrale au monde dite de quatrième génération

AFP le 06 déc. 2023

La Chine a mis en service mercredi la première centrale nucléaire au monde dite de quatrième génération, une avancée majeure du géant asiatique dans la course pour les réacteurs du futur.

La centrale de Shidao Bay, située dans le Shandong (est du pays), est alimentée par deux réacteurs à haute température refroidis par du gaz et non par de l'eau pressurisée.

"L'exploitation commerciale de la centrale de Shidao Bay a officiellement débuté", a rapporté mercredi l'agence officielle Chine nouvelle.

Il s'agit d'une première au monde pour ce type de réacteurs, selon l'agence.

Les réacteurs traditionnels permettent de produire de l'électricité à partir de l'énergie nucléaire. Mais ces modèles avancés (dits petits réacteurs modulaires ou SMR) peuvent servir à d'autres applications, notamment le chauffage, le dessalement de l'eau de mer ou encore la vapeur pour les besoins de l'industrie.

La Chine, qui cherche à s'émanciper du charbon pour l'alimentation de ses centrales, est en pointe dans la course aux nouveaux réacteurs.

Le pays cherche par ailleurs à réduire sa dépendance aux technologies étrangères, dans un contexte de tensions avec les pays occidentaux.

Plus de 90% des équipements de la centrale de Shidao Bay sont de conception chinoise, s'est félicité un responsable du projet, Zhang Yanxu, cité par Chine nouvelle.

La construction de la centrale a débuté en 2012. Un premier SMR avait été raccordé au réseau électrique en décembre 2021.

La capacité de Shidao Bay est de 200 MW, d'après les médias locaux.

Selon leurs promoteurs, les réacteurs SMR pourraient jouer un rôle central dans la décarbonation et la transition énergétique, grâce à une architecture compacte et simplifiée, une conception en modules réduisant les coûts et la durée de construction, et leur usage multiple.

Selon l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique (AIEA), plus de 80 projets sont en cours de développement dans 18 pays.
https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org ... ion-231206

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Centrale nucléaire à réacteur refroidi au gaz à haute température de Shidaowan, Chine, décembre 2023. SUN WENZHAN /XINHUA / MAXPPP

https://www.lemonde.fr/international/ar ... _3210.html

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 08 nov. 2023, 10:57

suite de ce post du 26 juillet 2023 http://www.oleocene.org/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 5#p2374255

Mise en place du dome pour le petit réacteur ACP100
Containment shell in place for Chinese SMR

06 November 2023

The steel containment dome was successfully hoisted into place at the ACP100 small modular reactor (SMR) demonstration project at the Changjiang site on China's island province of Hainan, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) has announced.

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lire https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles ... hinese-SMR

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 14 oct. 2023, 10:32

Debut des travaux pour la construction du premier réacteur d'une série de 6 à Lianjiang
China's first nuclear power plant with super-large cooling towers being built in Guangdong

9 oct 2023

State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) announced on Sunday that phase one construction of its Lianjiang nuclear power plant started on September 29. As the country's first nuclear power plant with super-large cooling towers, it is expected to reduce the amount of sea water used and to generate up to 70.2 billion kWh annually after its construction.

With a total investment of 130 billion yuan ($18.1 billion), the Lianjiang nuclear power plant is designed to have six pressurized water reactors, which can last for 60 years. The plant is scheduled to be operational in 2028, and it is the first nuclear project in China to have a recirculating seawater cooling system and super-large cooling towers.

The Lianjiang Nuclear power project is SPIC's first coastal nuclear power project in South China's Guangdong Province. As part of an integrated energy base, the power plant is expected to run in conjunction with hydrogen plants and power storage stations in the area.

The super-large cooling towers are designed to transfer the heat of the power plant to the atmosphere to reduce the amount of cooling seawater used, and to lower the heat of the drainage.

With super-large cooling towers, nuclear power plants can be more friendly to the marine environment and costal economy. It also allows nuclear power plants to be built in coastal areas where seawater is insufficient for direct cycle cooling, according to thepaper.cn.

To enhance energy security and promote green development, the State Council, China's cabinet, approved the construction of two nuclear power projects – Zhangzhou Phase II in East China's Fujian Province and Lianjiang Phase 1 in South China's Guangdong Province – in September 2022.

Since the beginning of 2023, construction has begun at Unit 4 of the Sanmen nuclear power plant, Haiyang nuclear power Unit 4 and Lianjiang nuclear power Unit 1, thepaper.cn reported.
http://www.ecns.cn/business/2023-10-09/ ... 8598.shtml
Concrete poured for first unit at China’s $18 billion Lianjiang nuclear power plant

By Neil Gerrard11 October 2023

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The first concrete pour at unit one of the Linjiang nuclear power plant (Image: SPIC)

A major new nuclear power plant construction project has seen the first concrete poured on the first unit of a project to build six reactors, set to cost an estimated $18 billion.

The work involved pouring concrete for the nuclear island of unit one at the Linjiang power plant in Guangdong province.

Unit one is the first of two 1250 Mwe CAP1000 reactors to be built at the site. Four more reactors will eventually be constructed. Once all six are in operation, they are expected to be able to produce 70.2 TWh of electricity per year.

China Power State Investment Corp (SPIC) said that the concrete pour had been completed seven hours ahead of schedule.

Unit one is expected to be completed by 2028.
https://www.international-construction. ... 15.article

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 09 sept. 2023, 11:31

Les Chinois essayent une technique de construction modulaire pour leur réacteurs CAP1000
Landmark module installation at Sanmen 4

08 September 2023

The CA01 'super module' has been installed at unit 4 of the Sanmen nuclear power plant in China's Zhejiang province, marking a construction landmark for the CAP1000 reactor.

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The CA01 module is hoisted into place (Image: SNERDI)

Weighing 1046.2 tonnes and measuring more than 27 metres long, 29 metres wide and 24 metres high, the concrete and steel CA01 module sits inside the unit's containment module where it will house the plant's steam generators and other components. It is referred to as a super module because it is too large to be transported by road and rail, and was constructed on site.
......................

The CAP1000 reactor design - the Chinese version of the AP1000 - uses modular construction techniques, enabling large structural modules to be built at factories and then installed at the site.
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... t-Sanmen-4

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 29 juil. 2023, 11:27

Dome hoisted into place on Xudapu 3

26 July 2023

The dome has been hoisted into place on the reactor building of Xudapu unit 3 in a single stage process, six months ahead of schedule, with China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) describing the project as "a model of global energy cooperation".

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(Image: CNNC)

The Xudapu unit, in Liaoning province, is one of four VVER-1200 reactors being supplied by Russia to China under a 2018 agreement. CNNC said units 3 and 4 at Xudapu were "expected to become a global benchmark in the field of nuclear safety".

It added that the area had seen winter temperatures as low as minus 20°C and said "all parties involved in the construction braved the severe cold, wind and snow, and fought against the bad weather from the beginning" while, all the time, insisting on putting safety and quality first.

In June 2018, Russia and China signed four agreements, including for the construction of two VVER-1200 reactors at the new Xudapu (also known as Xudabao) site. Agreements signed in June 2019 included a general contract for the construction of Xudapu units 3 and 4, as well as a contract for the supply of nuclear fuel. Rosatom is designing the nuclear island, supplying key equipment, as well as providing field supervision, installation supervision, and commissioning services for the supplied equipment. Turbine generators and balance of plant will be supplied by China.

Construction of Xudapu unit 3 began in July 2021, with that of unit 4 starting in May 2022.

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https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... n-Xudapu-3

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 26 juil. 2023, 00:24

suite de ce post du 11 mars 2023 viewtopic.php?p=2364499#p2364499
Voici la cuve d’un mini réacteur nucléaire SMR chinois
Avec pas moins de 23 réacteurs en construction, la Chine a un programme nucléaire ambitieux. Parmi eux, le chantier de la tête de série d’une technologie chinoise de petit réacteur modulaire (SMR), concept que la Chine entend bien ne pas manquer. Le projet a récemment franchi un jalon majeur.

Laurent GAUTHIER 22 Juil 2023

Image
La cuve du SMR chinois ACP100 / Image : CFHI

Nous en étions restés, le 6 juillet 2022, à l’annonce de la réalisation avec succès de l’assemblage du cylindre de confinement supérieur du premier réacteur du modèle ACP100 de la China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). Ce chantier est important pour le principal énergéticien nucléaire de Chine, car il est la tête de série de sa technologie propriétaire de SMR (pour Small Modular Reactor, en français petit réacteur modulaire), technologie également appelée Linglong One.

L’enceinte de confinement est le principal élément de sécurité du réacteur, car elle a pour fonction d’assurer l’absence de dissémination de produits radioactifs dans l’environnement en cas d’accident dans le cœur du réacteur. Pour illustrer l’ampleur du chantier, dans la photo ci-dessus, le cylindre supérieur, en cours de levage, mesure environ 15 m et pèse 720 tonnes.

Le module central du réacteur est paré pour l’expédition
C’est en juillet 2023 que CNNC annonce que le module central du réacteur a passé les étapes finales de validation après fabrication en usine par China First Heavy Industry (CFHI). Cette étape était le préalable à son expédition pour le chantier de construction.

Précisons que l’ACP100 est un réacteur à eau pressurisée (REP), et que sa conception est dite « intégrée », c’est-à-dire que les principaux composants nécessaires à l’extraction de la chaleur du cœur nucléaire sont installés à l’intérieur de la cuve. Ainsi, ce qui est désigné comme « module central » comprend non seulement la cuve pressurisée, mais également les générateurs de vapeur.


La construction de Linglong One a débuté en 2019 sur le site de la centrale nucléaire de Changjiang, située dans la province de Hainan, dans le sud de la Chine. Le premier béton a été coulé le 13 juillet 2021, et la mise en service commerciale est prévue pour fin 2026.

Le réacteur est conçu pour la production d’électricité, le chauffage, la production de vapeur ou le dessalement de l’eau de mer. Il s’agit d’un SMR, donc par principale de petite taille : sa puissance nominale est, en effet, de 125 MWe. Il pourra néanmoins produire 1 TWh/an, soit l’équivalent de la consommation en électricité d’environ 200 000 foyers (français).
https://www.revolution-energetique.com/ ... r-chinois/

Re: Le nucléaire en Chine

par energy_isere » 25 mars 2023, 16:18

suite de ce post du 14 mai 2022 viewtopic.php?p=2343225#p2343225

Début de construction du réacteur n° 4 de Sanmen :
Construction starts on fourth Sanmen unit

22 March 2023

The first concrete has been poured for the nuclear island of unit 4 at the Sanmen nuclear power plant, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) has announced. It marks the official start of construction of the second of two CAP1000 pressurised water reactors planned as Phase II of the site in China's Zhejiang province.

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First concrete is poured for Sanmen unit 4 (Image: CNNC)

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https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... anmen-unit

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