Nickel

Discussions traitant de l'impact du pic pétrolier sur l'économie.

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 21 août 2022, 14:45

Projet de mines sur le prospect de Cuivre et Nickel West Musgrave en Australie :
OZ Minerals gets final nod for key copper-nickel project

Reuters | August 15, 2022

OZ Minerals said on Monday the Western Australia government granted final regulatory approval for the miner to begin construction at its West Musgrave copper-nickel project.


Miners around the globe are looking to cash in on metals like copper and nickel, which are key raw materials of batteries used in electric vehicles.

OZ last week rejected an A$8.34 billion ($5.9 billion) takeover bid from BHP Group, a deal that would have given the global miner control of West Musgrave in its push to expand its battery minerals portfolio.

It said West Musgrave was on track for a final investment decision in the current half of 2022.

A pre-feasibility study update in December 2020 showed an average annual production of 32,000 tonnes of copper and 26,000 tonnes of nickel over a 26-year mine life, it said.

OZ added that it would continue to assess the impact of cost inflation and the operational environment on the project’s cost and schedule.

($1 = 1.4049 Australian dollars)
https://www.mining.com/web/oz-minerals- ... l-project/


Le projet sur le site de OZ minerals : https://www.ozminerals.com/en/where-we- ... t-musgrave
Profile
Status: Final study phase, Regulatory approvals progressing.
Proposed products: Copper and nickel
Proposed mine rate: 10Mtpa - 12Mtpa
Mine life: ~26 years
Location: Musgrave Province, Western Australia
Proposed mining method: Open pit
Proposed processing method: Conventional crushing, grinding and flotation

Current resource and reserves

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 27 août 2022, 11:21

Je m' aperçois que j' ai oublié la dernière publication sur le Nickel de l' USGS. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs20 ... nickel.pdf

En tonnes :
Image

les chiffres de l' an dernier : viewtopic.php?p=2315604#p2315604

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 27 août 2022, 11:26

Zimbabwe : Galileo Resources découvre du nickel à son projet aurifère Bulawayo
26 août 2022 Ecofin
https://www.agenceecofin.com/nickel/260 ... e-bulawayo

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 04 sept. 2022, 13:43

Un prospect de Nickel au Québec :
Quebec Nickel drills greater than 1% nickel at Ducros project
Northern Miner Staff | August 31, 2022
https://www.mining.com/quebec-nickel-dr ... s-project/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 11 sept. 2022, 11:29

Joint venture entre Vale et une compagnie chinoise pour lancer le projet de Nickel Bahodopi dans l'ile de Sulawesi (Indonésie)
Vale and partners to invest in nickel project in Indonesia
The Bahodopi project will have an annual ferronickel production capacity of 73,000t to 80,000t of nickel content.


September 7, 2022

Indonesian mining company PT Vale Indonesia has signed a deal with the China-based Shandong Xinhai Technology and a unit of China Baowu Steel Group to invest in a proposed nickel processing plant on the island of Sulawesi.

Reuters reported that under the agreed terms, the companies will set up a joint venture (JV) to develop the nickel project.

Vale chief finance officer Bernardus Irmanto told reporters that Vale will own a controlling stake of 49% in the JV.

Shandong Xinhai and Baowu will jointly own a 51% interest via its Taiyuan Iron & Steel (TISCO) unit.

Vale Indonesia CEO Febriany Eddy said that the project is estimated to cost around $2.1bn.

To be built in Bahodopi, the proposed Bahodopi project will be equipped to produce ferronickel with 73,000t to 80,000t of nickel content each year.

In addition, the partners are considering the addition of a stainless steel plant at a later stage.

At the deal signing ceremony, Eddy said: “With this signing, we can proceed and accelerate construction work in the field so it can be completed by 2025 at the latest.”

Shandong Xinhai chairman Wang Wenlong said that the Bahodopi project would be Indonesia’s first liquefied natural gas-fuelled nickel plant.
https://www.mining-technology.com/news/ ... indonesia/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 11 sept. 2022, 11:43

suite de ce post du 17 avril 2022 viewtopic.php?p=2341590#p2341590

Découverte de nouveaux filons de Nickel au projet Tamarack dans le Minnesota.
Talon Metals expands resource at Tamarack nickel project in Minnesota

Cecilia Jamasmie | September 9, 2022

Talon Metals and Rio Tinto’s Tamarack nickel project in central Minnesota continues to grow, with the miners finding thicker, higher-grade nickel-copper mineralization in an area outside the project’s defined resource zone.


Fresh drilling results published by Talon Metals, the majority owner and operator of Tamarack, showed one of the thickest intercepts encountered in the CGO West area of the project to date.

This, the company said, means that CGO West continues to be open to the west.

“While we had intended to be finished drilling in the CGO West area by now, the high-grade nickel-copper mineralization just seems to keep going,” Talon Metals chief exploration officer Brian Goldner said in the statement.

“We feel it is prudent to continue drilling within the CGO West area to further expand our resource,” he added.

The company has added two more drill rigs to follow up on various geophysical anomalies to identify potential satellite high-grade nickel-copper deposits.

Talon noted that work on a feasibility study continues as it expects to begin production in 2026.

The miner inked in January a nickel supply agreement with electric vehicle maker Tesla, which committed to buy 75,000 tonnes (165 million pounds) of nickel over six years, with an option to increase the delivered tonnage.

Nickel helps cram more energy into cheaper and smaller battery packs, allowing EVs to charge faster and travel farther between plug-ins.

The Tamarack nickel-copper-cobalt project, located 210 km (130 miles) north of Minneapolis and 89 km (55 miles) west of Duluth, is comprised of the Tamarack North and Tamarack South projects, with approximately 31,000 acres of private land and state leases.

Tamarack is considered the only high-grade development-stage nickel project in the US.

Talon currently holds a 51% stake in Tamarack, but has the option to increase it to 60% by completing a feasibility study and paying $10 million to joint venture partner Rio Tinto.
https://www.mining.com/talon-metals-tam ... s-to-grow/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 11 sept. 2022, 11:59

suite de ce post du 12 janvier 2020 viewtopic.php?p=2294434#p2294434

La compagnie FPX annonce les résultats de l'évaluation du potentiel du gisement Baptiste Nickel en Colombie Britannique.
Ils pourraient réaliser une usine de production de sulphate de Nickel pour batterie auto de classe mondiale. Durée de vie estimée de la mine à 35 ans.
FPX outlines 43,500 t/y integrated nickel sulphate operation in scoping study

Staff Writer | September 7, 2022 mining.com

Image
The Baptiste nickel deposit area at the Decar property in central B.C. Credit: FPX Nickel

FPX Nickel has announced results of an internal engineering scoping study evaluating the production of nickel sulphate for the electric vehicle battery market from the high-grade awaruite to be produced by the company’s Baptiste nickel project in central British Columbia.


This study highlights FPX’s potential to develop the world’s largest integrated nickel sulphate production facility, linking the company directly into the EV battery supply chain via the production of low-cost, low-carbon nickel sulphate over Baptiste’s projected 35-year mine life.


The study outlines the development of an integrated nickel operation capable of producing approximately 43,500 tonnes of nickel contained in sulphate per annum, based on nickel recoveries of approximately 97% from Baptiste’s awaruite nickel concentrate. This output would be enough to fulfill 17% of North America’s EV battery demand in 2030, according to Goldman Sachs’ projections.

The operation uses a conventional hydrometallurgical flowsheet for production of high-purity nickel sulphate directly from Baptiste’s awaruite nickel concentrate (60% to 65% nickel), without the intermediate smelting typically required for sulphide concentrates or the extensive, aggressive pressure oxidation conditions required for laterite ores and sulphide concentrates.

Commented Martin Turenne, FPX’s president and CEO. “Baptiste’s awaruite nickel mineralization has clear technical advantages over sulphide and laterite ores for producing nickel sulphate, offering a lower-cost, lower-carbon path from mine-to-market in the EV battery supply chain.”

“Given its extremely high nickel content (over 60% nickel) and low levels of impurities, our high-grade nickel concentrate has distinct advantages over low-grade nickel sulphide concentrates (under 20% nickel), and is already comparable to intermediate nickel sulphate feedstocks like mixed hydroxide precipitate, mixed sulphide precipitate or nickel matte,” he added.

According to FPX, the anticipated capital costs for nickel sulphate production is expected to be competitive with large-scale refinery operation recently developed by Terrafame in Finland, which was commissioned in 2021 and is expected to produce 37,400 tonnes of nickel contained in sulphate annually.

In addition, the the proposed design is expected to yield cobalt recoveries from flotation concentrate of approximately 95%, resulting in the annual production of approximately 650 tonnes of cobalt. At this scale, FPX believes Baptiste would become one of Canada’s five largest cobalt operations, alongside nickel-cobalt mines operated by Glencore and Vale in central and eastern Canada.

Based on the study results, the next steps for FPX are to conduct further testwork and engineering studies on a refinery that can act as an single integrated facility to convert Baptiste’s awaruite nickel concentrate directly to nickel sulphate.

As part of FPX’s ongoing three-phase metallurgical testwork campaign, approximately 17 tonnes of Baptiste material is currently being treated by a pilot plant at Corem in Quebec City. In addition to supporting refinement of the upstream mineral processing flowsheet, this large-scale piloting will also generate sufficient awaruite nickel concentrate for hydrometallurgical testwork, which is expected to run through the fourth quarter of 2022.

Building on the engineering studies to date and incorporating the testwork results as available, FPX will commence a more advanced engineering study in the fourth quarter of 2022, with results available in the second or third quarter of 2023.

The Baptiste deposit is part of FPX’s 100%-owned Decar nickel district, which covers 245 km2 in the Mount Sidney Williams ultramafic-ophiolite complex, located 90 km northwest of Fort St. James, BC. To date, awaruite mineralization has been identified in four target areas within the complex, with Baptiste being the most accessible and having the biggest known surface footprint.

Based on its most recent resource estimate (2020), the Baptiste deposit alone has nearly 2 billion tonnes of indicated material, grading 0.12% nickel, for 2.43 million tonnes of contained metal.
https://www.mining.com/fpx-outlines-435 ... ing-study/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 11 sept. 2022, 12:05

Vale prédit une hausse de 44% de la demande de Nickel en 2030 :
Vale sees 44% increase in global nickel demand by 2030

Reuters | September 7, 2022 |

Image
Vale’s Voisey’s Bay nickel-cobalt-copper mine in Labrador. Credit: Vale

Brazilian mining company Vale said on Wednesday that global demand for nickel should increase 44% by 2030 compared to that expected for this year, due to high demand for use in batteries that power electric vehicles.

“Demand for nickel is forecast to increase rapidly this decade with the energy transition,” the company said in a statement, adding that the new forecast would be of 6.2 million tonnes in demand.

The company also estimated the company’s own production volumes for the medium term should reach between 230,000 and 245,000 tonnes of nickel per year, compared to a 2022 projection of up to 190,000 tonnes.

Growth in nickel supplies should be driven mainly by Indonesia and Canada, where the company has operations, as well as Australia, it added.

Global demand for copper – also used in vehicle batteries and renewable energy systems – is also expected to rise by about 20% by 2030 to 37 million tonnes, Vale added.

The medium-term forecast for copper is seen at between 390,000 and 420,000 tonnes per year, versus up to 285,000 tonnes forecast for 2022.

The company did not predict that supply would catch up with demand, projecting in the medium and long-term a “structural deficit” of copper.

“Increased demand, coupled with a lack of supply, will attract significant interest across the sector,” it said.
https://www.mining.com/web/vale-sees-44 ... d-by-2030/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 18 sept. 2022, 12:15

Nouveau projet d'usine de traitement du minerai de Nickel en produit hydroxyde de Nickel pour les batteries. En Indonésie sur l'ile de Sulawesi à Sorowako (ou Soroako).
Investissement de 1.8 milliards de dollars.
Vale, Huayou to build new HPAL processing plant in Indonesia

By NS Energy Staff Writer 14 Sep 2022

The new high-pressure acid leach (HPAL) plant in Sorowako will have a processing capacity of around 60,000 tonnes of nickel limonite ore into mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP)

Indonesian mining company PT Vale has teamed up with China’s Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt (Huayou) to build a new smelter that processes nickel limonite into battery materials used in electric vehicles.

The two companies signed the heads of agreement to build a $1.8bn new high-pressure acid leach (HPAL) plant in Sorowako, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The agreement expands the existing partnership between the two companies, which started earlier this year through Huayou conducting the feasibility study.

Under the expanded partnership, a new HPAL plant will be constructed for processing around 60,000 tonnes of nickel limonite ore into mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP).

The MHP is then processed into materials for battery components such as electric vehicles.

Huayou chairman Chen Xuehua said: “Our cooperation is a perfect combination of Vale’s mineral resource advantage and Huayou Cobalt’s advanced High-Pressure Acid Leaching technology advantage, to achieve low-carbon, green and sustainable mineral resource development.

“Our cooperation can also win growth opportunities for both sides, add strength and value to the industry, and make contributions to the economic and social development of Indonesia.”

It is the second HPAL project under the PT Vale and Huayou partnership.

In April this year, the two companies signed an agreement to build the first, 120,000 tonnes capacity HPAL plant in Pomalaa, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi.

The US automobile manufacturer Ford Motor later joined the partnership for this plant.

PT Vale said that the project is in line with its commitment to sustainable mining and strategy to support the Government program to build an electric vehicle ecosystem in Indonesia.

PT Vale president commissioner and Vale Base Metals executive vice president Deshnee Naidoo said: “We are pleased to extend our co-operation with Huayou Cobalt on such an important project.

“This partnership agreement is another catalyst for sustainable economic development of Indonesia’s world-class nickel resources and together with recent progress on the Pomalaa HPAL facility and Bahodopi Block Project.”
https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/v ... ing-plant/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 18 sept. 2022, 12:28

Un nouveau prospect de Nickel au Canada :
Tartisan Nickel files preliminary economic assessment of the Kenbridge nickel project, Northwestern Ontario
The Kenbridge Nickel Project is in the Kenora Mining District, Northwestern Ontario


By NS Energy Staff Writer 12 Sep 2022

Tartisan Nickel Corp. is pleased to announce the completion and filing of the Preliminary Economic Assessment (“PEA”) for the 100% owned Kenbridge Nickel Project, Northwestern Ontario (SEDAR August 26, 2022). The Kenbridge Nickel Project is in the Kenora Mining District, Northwestern Ontario. The property is covered by patented and unpatented mining claims totalling 4,108.42 ha. Since 1937, 665 surface and underground drill holes totalling 99,741 meters have been completed on the property. Kenbridge has an existing shaft to a depth of 2,042 ft (622 m), with 13 level stations at 150 ft. (46 m) intervals below the shaft collar and two levels developed at 350 ft (107 m) and 500 ft (152 m) below the shaft collar.


Highlights of the PEA (All currency is $CDN unless stated otherwise)

This PEA is focused solely on underground mining of the Mineral Resources at the Kenbridge Nickel Project and provides a solid base case for moving the Kenbridge Nickel Project forward.
The PEA indicates a 9-year mine plan based on a 1,500 tonne per day underground mining and processing operation, which would have the capacity and could potentially accelerate to 2,000 t.p.d. The mine plan assumes the potentially extractable tonnage of Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources which assumes overall dilution of 47% (18% internal dilution from stope designs plus 29% external dilution) and a 94% mine recovery factor. Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources represent 3,445,000 tonnes at 0.97% Ni, 0.52% Cu and 0.013% Co (74 Mlb Ni, 39.1 Mlb Cu). Inferred Mineral Resources represent 1,014,000 tonnes at 1.47% Ni, 0.67% Cu and 0.011% Co (32.7 Mlb Ni, 14.9 Mlb Cu). Metal prices are based on long-term industry consensus forecast with nickel representing the primary contribution to revenues. USD metal prices used in the PEA were USD$10/lb Ni, USD$4/lb Cu and USD$26/lb Co. A $USD:$CDN exchange rate of 0.78 is applied.

.....................
https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/t ... n-ontario/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 18 sept. 2022, 15:34

suite de ce post du 6 octobre 2018 viewtopic.php?p=2273217#p2273217

La compagnie Australienne Pacific Nickel Mines à obtenu un permis de concessions manière pour le Nikel aux iles Salomon. Des expéditions de minerai de Nickel dés 2023.
Pacific Nickel’s Kolosori project gets mining lease in Solomon Islands
The firm also signed mining agreement with the government for the mining, environmental and fiscal terms for the project.


September 15, 2022

Australian firm Pacific Nickel Mines has received a mining lease from the Solomon Islands Minister of the Ministry of Mines, Energy and Rural Electrification for the Kolosori Nickel project located on Isabel Island.

The firm also signed a surface access rights agreement with landowners, as well as a mining agreement with the Solomon Islands Government that outlines the mining, environmental and fiscal terms for the Kolosori Nickel Project.

Pacific Nickel CEO Geoff Hiller said: “Now that we have been awarded a mining Lease, it allows the company to begin progressing development operations for Kolosori. The next step is to finalise a DFS for the project.

“The timing of the DFS relies on a LiDAR survey and the construction of a second trial stockpile to assess moisture content. We are pleased to report that the initial LiDAR survey has been completed and that the second trial stockpile is under construction.”

The firm now plans to finalise the Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) for the project while Australian Mine Design and Development (AMDAD) is preparing the project’s reserve estimate.

Pacific Nickel intends to accelerate the construction of the wharf and haul road. The project is planned to reach full production of about 1.3 million wet metric tonnes annually of direct shipping nickel ore during 2023.

The Kolosori Nickel Project is 80% owned by Pacific Nickel. The remaining 20% stake is held by the area’s traditional landowners.

Based on an independent scoping study for the development, the project will be a shallow open-pit mining operation.
https://www.mining-technology.com/news/ ... ori-lease/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 24 sept. 2022, 10:46

Prospect très amont sur du Nickel Cuivre au Botswana, premiers forages annoncés :
Botswana : Power Metal lance une campagne d’exploration au projet de nickel-cuivre-PGE Molopo Farms

Agence Ecofin 22 sept 2022

La société Power Metal Resources est arrivée sur le projet Molopo Farms en 2019 et les travaux menés jusque-là lui ont permis d’identifier plusieurs cibles de cuivre, nickel et éléments du groupe de platine (PGE).

La junior minière Power Metal Resources a annoncé le mercredi 21 septembre le début du programme de forage inaugural à son projet de nickel-cuivre-éléments du groupe de platine (PGE) Molopo Farms au Botswana. Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une campagne d’exploration qui comprend également des levés géophysiques.

« Nous visons une ou plusieurs découvertes de nickel-cuivre-PGE à grande échelle, ce qui constituerait une transformation pour la société et, surtout, pourrait faire de Molopo Farms un point focal pour les investissements et conduire à la création d’emplois et d’opportunités significatives », a assuré Paul Johnson, PDG de la société.

Depuis quelques mois, le secteur minier botswanais est marqué par une activité accrue de sociétés désirant exploiter d’autres ressources que le diamant. Cela participe aux efforts du gouvernement qui souhaite réduire la dépendance vis-à-vis de son premier produit d’exportation, en s’appuyant sur des ressources comme le cuivre et le nickel, au cœur de la transition énergétique.
https://www.agenceecofin.com/metaux/220 ... lopo-farms

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 25 sept. 2022, 09:35

suite de ce post du 21 aout 2022 viewtopic.php?p=2349770#p2349770

Aprés l'obtention des autorisations au mois d'Aout OZ Minerals lance son projet de Nickel-Cuivre à 1.1 milliards de dollars en Australie
OZ Minerals to move ahead with $1.1bn West Musgrave project in Australia

By NS Energy Staff Writer 23 Sep 2022

The development of the copper-nickel project in Western Australia, which will involve nearly 1,500 jobs, is underpinned by an 18-month syndicated term loan facility for an amount of $790m to be provided by major relationship banks

OZ Minerals said that its board has given its final investment approval to develop the West Musgrave copper-nickel project in Australia with an investment of around A$1.7bn ($1.13bn).

Located in the Musgrave Province of Western Australia, the project includes the Nebo and Babel nickel-copper deposits along with the Succoth copper deposit.

The West Musgrave project is set to become the fourth operating asset of OZ Minerals once the first concentrate is achieved as targeted in the second half of 2025. Its construction will involve nearly 1,500 jobs.

Its final investment decision follows an announcement made by the miner last month that it has obtained all the required regulatory approvals. Besides, OZ Minerals signed a land access agreement earlier this month with the Ngaanyatjarra people.

OZ Minerals said that it has entered into credit-approved commitment letters with major relationship banks for a new A$1.2bn ($790m), 18-month syndicated term loan facility for supporting the project’s development. The miner expects to sign formal agreements by October 2022.

OZ Minerals chairman Rebecca McGrath said: “The Board’s approval of West Musgrave is a fundamental step towards realising OZ Minerals’ strategy to evolve into a modern minerals producer set to supply global copper and nickel markets as the world moves into the de-carbonisation and electrification era.

“The funding approach to West Musgrave allows us to continue to fund the current sequencing of brownfields expansions underway in the OZ Minerals portfolio through operating cashflow while providing certainty and flexibility to further maximise the value of West Musgrave.”

OZ Minerals CEO Andrew Cole revealed that the company is also mulling the option of selling a minority stake in the West Musgrave copper-nickel project to a strategic partner.

The miner expects the project to have an average annual production of around 28,000 tonnes of nickel and nearly 35,000 tonnes of copper over an operating life of 24 years.

The processing plant for the project will be delivered by GR Engineering Services. It will have an initial capacity of 12 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa), which through mine planning and plant optimisation will be ramped up eventually to 13.5Mtpa.
https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/o ... -approval/

Image
OZ Minerals West Musgrave Project (Image: Oz Minerals)
https://www.mining.com/web/oz-minerals- ... r-project/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 02 oct. 2022, 11:38

Prospect de Nickel découvert au Brésil
Ero Copper shares rise on nickel discovery near its Caraiba mill in Brazil
Staff Writer | September 29, 2022

Shares of Ero Copper (TSX: ERO; NYSE: ERO) rose by 9.4% on Thursday morning on the news of its discovery of a regional nickel sulphide system in the Curaçá Valley of northeastern Brazil.


The discovery, known as the Umburana System, has been traced for 5 km so far and is open in all directions. It is highlighted by several surface expressions of nickel mineralization, the Vancouver-headquartered miner said in a news release.

First pass results from 48 drill holes on two identified zones at the discovery, located about 20 km from Ero’s Caraíba processing facilities in the northeastern state of Bahia, revealed several highlights, with the depth going down to about 300 metres.
...............

Umburana was discovered during the company’s 2021 and 2022 exploration programs using new detailed field mapping and soil geochemistry as well as Ero’s airborne electromagnetic survey, the miner said.
https://www.mining.com/ero-copper-share ... in-brazil/

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Re: Nickel

Message par energy_isere » 02 oct. 2022, 11:42

Saudi Arabia faces challenges to tap its vast copper reserves

Bloomberg News | September 26, 2022

Image
Mining in Saudi Arabia. Photo by Jac Rijk Al-Rushaid, Twitter)

Saudi Arabia says it has the potential to unlock enough copper to ease a looming shortage as the world makes an epic shift to clean energy, but the kingdom faces challenges that established mining countries already have solved.

Key among those challenges as the world’s largest oil producer seeks to unlock an estimated $1.3 trillion in mineral wealth are logistics and water supplies, according to Bandar bin Ibrahim Al-Khorayef, Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources.

“One of the things that the mining sector needs is really a lot of infrastructure,” Al-Khorayef said Friday in an interview at Bloomberg’s global headquarters in New York. “It could be road, could be railway and port” to bring the resources in the north of the country to the east to be processed and then shipped, he said.

Perhaps the biggest hurdle — especially for a country covered in large part by desert — is water, which is essential in churning out the mineral from open-pit or underground mines. “Water is key. If we were to compromise certain technologies, but that would save us water, that would be something very interesting to us,” Al-Khorayef said.

Another challenge may be attracting giant miners with global expertise and deep pocketbooks, who are competing with smaller firms in auctions for exploration rights. This month a license was awarded to the UK’s Moxico Resources Plc, a closely held company with a copper project in Zambia, and Saudi Arabia’s Ajlan & Bros. The potential rewards are huge, with the estimated supply of copper worth $222 billion, at current prices equal to 1.4 times the global mine supply in 2021.

Saudi Arabia is going to award the second tender soon and may start a third, Al-Khorayef said, and is fast-tracking locations that have great reserves ready to go commercially viable.

According to Al-Khorayef, Saudi Arabia is putting processes into place that would allow mining permits to be processed within 30 days. That is in sharp contrast to about seven to 10 years in the US, where there are multiple layers of regulation with extensive environmental and land-rights reviews.
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