Le "Petro" refait surface...
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-Gene ... rency.html
Some 5 billion barrels of crude have been set aside to back the currency, which would be priced at US$60 a piece initially,
Faut reconnaître qu'il y a une certaine dose d'absurdité dans ce "plan" de la dernière chance. Ces 5 milliards de barils n'existent bien évidemment qu'à l'état de réserve, et n'ont pas été mis de côté mais sont juste sous terre. Beaucoup y voient une façon détournée (et illégale, la constitution ne leur permet pas d'hypothéquer leurs ressources) de capter un financement pour le gouvernement en contournant les sanctions. La contrepartie est très abstraite... Sans être exploitée, ça ne vaut rien, mais qui voudrait exploiter du pétrole qui ne lui appartient pas? Le risque pour un investisseur semble très élevé pour un gain totalement hypothétique.
En cherchant sur le web, je suis tombé sur un article très complet sur les problèmes actuels du Venezuela. Il date un peu (sept 2014), mais n'est pas biaisé par le néolibéralisme ambiant des médias mainstream, ni par une complaisance d'une dictature petro-socialiste, même si l'auteur est un activiste de gauche. Il souligne à quel point la perfusion pétrolière a désagrégé le tissu économique du Venezuela. Le pétrole fait office de rente, permettant d'importer les biens et services nécessaires et ne stimulant plus la production locale, entre autre agricole. Le tout fortement contrôlé par l'Etat. La crise est profonde, et va très certainement se terminer en crise humanitaire... Le pays sera sous perfusion de l'aide internationale, de gré ou de force.
https://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/f ... nges_0.pdf
La dernière partie vaut d'ailleurs la peine d'être lue
In the twenty-first century, the challenges of going beyond capitalism cannot be separated from the equally crucial need to break free from current modes of production, distribution and consumption, and the hegemonic ways in which knowledge is produced in this social order. Among other things, this necessarily involves establishing a new relationship between human beings and the rest of nature, and the creation of a new energy paradigm.
The emergence and global primacy of industrial capitalism was based on access to cheap and widely accessible fossil fuels. For the last two and a half centuries, industrial capitalism has managed to turn the immense deposits of these fossil fuels – laid down over millions of years – into the energy that enabled both spectacular economic growth and the rapid destruction of the conditions that make life on this planet possible. This energy paradigm is not a secondary aspect, but an essential constitutive component in how this system of production and way of life has historically taken shape.
Nobody is suggesting that the shift to a post-oil society means that all the oil wells can be shut down from one day to the next. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to take steps and define the route for this essential transition. This imperative is absent from the public policies of practically every government in the world. Instead, they continue to give priority to economic growth over and above what is required to preserve life. Similarly, Venezuelan government’s policies fail to contemplate the need for this transition; on the contrary, they are taking the country’s long-term future in the opposite direction.
Most of the main objectives for transforming society that have been formulated in the Bolivarian project, in the text of the constitution and in policy papers and proposals, culminating in the Plan de la Patria, cannot be fulfilled by reaffirming the production model that depends solely on oil. Unless this production model is radically transformed, unless the illusion of unlimited growth is abandoned, unless the planet’s limits and the profound crisis of civilisation facing humanity are recognised, and unless the transformation has at its core the transition to a post-oil society, as the essential condition for the very possibility of a post-capitalist society, the key objectives of the process of change proposed by the Bolivarian movement have no possibility whatsoever of being fulfilled.
This political process is riddled with deep contradictions between its main stated objectives on the one side, and the systematic reinforcement of the colonial logic of development and the rentier petro-state on the other. The governments stated objectives to transform society include participatory democracy and the communal state; national sovereignty; food sovereignty; pluriculturalism and the recognition of the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples; and the fifth objective of the Plan de la Patria, “help to preserve life on the planet and save the human species.” These objectives not only clash but are structurally incompatible with a petro-state and a predatory extractivist economy whose revenues are moreover highly concentrated in the hands of the executive.
A fuller realisation of grassroots participatory democracy and communal self-government is constrained in this oil-centred economy by the fact that communities lack a productive base of their own and permanently depend on the top-down transfers of funds and policy guidelines from the executive and the governing party. Without autonomy, both in relation to the state and in relation to the market, it is not possible to build a genuine participatory democracy. No matter how much grassroots organising and participation is promoted, we cannot speak of people power democracy if the main decisions about the country’s direction are taken at the apex of the highly centralised political, bureaucratic and official structures that characterise the Venezuelan petro-state
Et un autre article plus récent:
https://www.tni.org/en/article/the-unco ... h-chavismo
