Et l'idée d'une explosion nucléaire pour obturer le puits.. court.
Par un spécialiste du Laurence Livermore s'appoyant sur des résultats russes..
Perplexe.
"Dans les situations désespérées, les solutions les plus impensables deviennent raisonnables"
Top U.S. Expert Explains Use of Nuclear Device
to Seal BP Well
Nuclear physicist Dr. Milo D. Nordyke is the leading U.S.
expert on peaceful nuclear explosions. He is a scientist emeritus
of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and a veteran of the
U.S. Operation Plowshare program for peaceful use of nuclear
explosions. He authored a 100-page study of the Soviet
program for peaceful explosions, which included use of nuclear
devices to seal four runaway gas wells and reduce pressure in a
fifth.
Dr. Nordyke was interviewed at his home in Livermore, CA on
June 14, 2010 by Alli Perebikovsky of LPAC-TV. The following is
excerpted from a longer discussion.
LPAC-TV: So, just to focus in on what's going on with
British Petroleum, and the crisis there ... It's almost like a
"slow Katrina," where you really do have, not only the
environmental disaster, but you have some estimates say, 100,000
gallons of oil leaking out every day.
NORDYKE: Well, it's an economic disaster as well: It's an
ecological disaster and an economic disaster for the region.
And it really has to be brought under control in some way.
The present scheme that they're using seems to have some
partial control, but it's kind of difficult to find out exactly
how well it's working. Maybe it's 10%, maybe it's 50% that it's
containing. But in any case, even if that were 100%, it would
only be a temporary fix, because you have to have something there
which will survive hurricanes and all other things like that.
And so the relief wells, right now, are the primary source
of the solution. They're drilling down wells from a few thousand
feet away, and then tapering them so that they will, hopefully,
will intersect the well at a depth of 15,000 feet or so. And be
able to intercept the well, and divert the flow from the well up
through the relief well, to the surface, or perhaps try to stem the
runaway well.
They may or may not be successful. That's something that
they've done, I think, sometimes in the past, but it's difficult.
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And that's what really led the Russians to carry out their
experiments and their projects: They have, the first well was one
that was a runaway well for some three years, and was putting out
a tremendous amount of gas—it was just gas, it wasn't oil, and
it was not beneath the ocean, it was just on the surface. But it
was burning, and you could see it from 50 miles away. It was
very obvious, it was out in the middle of the desert, so you
didn't have a large ecological disaster associated with it, but
it was wasting a tremendous amount of energy. That was the
problem. And they tried intercepting the well, and, because they
didn't know where the original well may be—I don't know quite
why they weren't able to intercept for a three-year period.
And so finally they got the idea of putting a nuclear
explosion near the escaping well. And that sealed it off. It
squeezed the escaping well shut, and of course, all the rock
around it was crushed and then squeezed, to put out the well
within 30 seconds or so. And they did that another four times, of
which three of them were successful. The fourth one they've
never really said why it wasn't successful.
In none of these cases was radioactivity detectable at the
surface. You're talking about explosions which are thousands of
feet beneath the surface of the Earth, and in the case of the
Gulf one, it would be thousands of feet beneath the bottom of the
ocean. You would probably be down to—you know, the well
itself is like 18,000 feet, and so you would probably go down to
a depth of 15,000 feet, which would be 10,000 feet beneath the
bottom of the ocean. And so, there's essentially no concern
that you would have radioactivity released to the surface of the
ocean. The only concern that one has, and it would have to be
addressed, is the seismic result. If there are other wells close—
but I don't think there are—it could damage them, and it
could cause a small ripple in the Gulf. But I don't
think that—that certainly is something that can be
calculated beforehand, to see what the extent of the concern
would be.
LPAC-TV: Now, for the BP, we would basically use the Russian
model, or have we made studies ourselves for setting off these
nuclear explosions under the water?
NORDYKE: Well, there's not much to be learned from the
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Russian experiments: They did it, and it worked. And it's
pretty simple. One of the difficult problems is, you have to
have an explosive which will be workable at these pressures and
temperatures. We did develop explosives that would take 7,000
psi [pounds per square inch], at 250 degrees, for the Rio Blanco
experiment, which I mentioned earlier. So, we have designs for
such things, and it could be made, but that would take some time.
LPAC-TV: What was the Rio Blanco experiment?
NORDYKE: Rio Blanco was a gas-stimulation experiment, in
which we put three 30-kiloton explosions down to depths
of like 5,500, 6,000, and 7,000 feet beneath the surface in
Colorado.
LPAC-TV: And then also, how would we actually get the
nuclear explosive down there?
NORDYKE: Well, you could perhaps use one of the relief
wells.
LPAC-TV: Right.
NORDYKE: If they're large enough in diameter, I would guess it
wouldn't take a very large diameter. The Rio Blanco explosive
was 7.8 inches in diameter, so it was relatively small. Most of
the holes, I think, are like a foot, or so, in diameter.
LPAC-TV: The other thing that someone was telling me about
is that it's possible that there are submarine devices that can
shoot a nuclear warhead, essentially, down through water: That
they'd actually shoot it down at high-velocities through liquid
into the well itself.
NORDYKE: Well, but you have to get thousands of feet
beneath the bottom of the ocean. And nothing which you do like
that would go down to thousands of feet.
LPAC-TV: So if we were to actually—and we should—
begin immediately preparations to use this type of option, do we
have the capability at Livermore or the Army Corps? What would
we have to do, essentially, to make this happen? How soon could
we begin?
NORDYKE: Well, number one, you would have to make an
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explosive, that we would use for that. It's possible you could
use an existing artillery shell, or something like that, but my
guess is that you would have to build one to sustain the pressure and
temperature that you're going to have at the depth of 15,000
feet. You would have to carefully look at the possible effects,
the seismic effect on the region of the well, as we said. And,
you would have to follow the relief wells, to see how we're
doing. If they aren't big enough, if they're only 3 or 6 inches,
then you would have to drill another well. That's about the
amount of preparation we would have to do. I mean it's just a
straightforward type of function.
LPAC-TV: This is leaning to immediately pretty much
expropriate BP, and use our, in a sense, government intervention
to do this, this kind of experiment, this kind of solution.
NORDYKE: Well, this would certainly be a
government-controlled project.
LPAC-TV: Right. Do you think it can be done by the
scientists at Livermore or Los Alamos?
NORDYKE: Well, I think Livermore has the most experience in
this area.