Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

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Re: [Solaire] photovoltaique sans Silicium

Message par energy_isere » 16 juin 2016, 14:06

Un procédé modifié pour des cellules au perovskite de grande taille au rendement de 20% :
Vacuum process pushes perovskite solar cell efficiency to 20%

June 13, 2016

Michael Graetzel and his team at the Ecole Polyechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have found news ways to grow perovsite materals for larger-size perovskite solar cells, reaching over 20% efficiency and matching the performance of conventional thin-film solar cells of similar sizes. Briefly reducing the pressure while fabricating the perovskite crystals allows the higher efficiencies with a low cost manufacturing process.
http://www.smart2zero.com/news/vacuum-p ... iciency-20

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Re: [Solaire] photovoltaique sans Silicium

Message par energy_isere » 07 juil. 2016, 13:16

Des recherches montrent qu' il y a encore certainement pas mal à gagner sur le rendement des cellules au Perovskite :
......They found poorly performing facets adjacent to highly efficient facets, with some facets approaching the material’s theoretical energy conversion limit of 31%.

“If the material can be synthesized so that only very efficient facets develop, then we could see a big jump in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, possibly approaching 31%,” says Sibel Leblebici, a postdoctoral researcher at the Molecular Foundry.
.......
http://www.smart2zero.com/news/perovski ... s_id=83714

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Re: [Solaire] photovoltaique sans Silicium

Message par energy_isere » 11 août 2016, 12:48

encore des avancées sur les cellules au Perovskite avec un procédé utilisant du methyl ammonium bromide qui améliore la qualité du film :
Perovskite solar cell process boosts efficiency, manufacturing

August 10, 2016

The U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) worked with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) on hybrid halide perovskite solar cells. Treating them with a specific solution of methyl ammonium bromide (MABr) repairs defects and improves efficiency so that a low-quality perovskite film with pinholes and small grains is converterd into a high-quality film without pinholes and with large grains.

This boosted the efficiency of the perovskite film in converting sunlight to 19% and also made the manufacturing process more reliable. Other process enhancements using vacuum have acheived 20% efficiency while manipulating the grain boundaries has seen efficiency reach 30%.

Perovskite films are typically grown using a solution of precursor chemicals that form the crystals, which are then exposed to a second anti-solvent that removes the precursor solvent, and the fast-crystallization process is regarded as almost an art. NREL researchers found that, because of the narrow time window for properly adding the anti-solvent, it is easy to miss that window and perovskite crystals with defects such as noncontinuous crystals and nonuniform crystals form. These significantly reduce the effectiveness of a perovskite cell.

The researchers use a new process called Ostwald ripening. This involves small crystals dissolving and then redepositing onto larger crystals. The researchers were able to induce the Ostwald ripening process by treating the perovskite with a MABr solution. The amount of the solution proved key, as the ideal was proven to be about 2 mg/ml.

"With the Ostwald ripening process, different-sized nanocrystals formed with different film qualities could then grow into pinhole-free perovskite films with similar large crystal sizes," say the researchers. "Thus, this new chemical approach enhances processing tolerance to the initial perovskite film quality and improves the reproducibility of device fabrication."

The improved film quality made the cells more stable, as untreated cells had an efficiency of about 14 percent to 17 percent, while cells treated with the MABr solution had an efficiency of more than 19%.

Details of the research are contained in the paper Facile Fabrication of Large-Grain CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx Film for High-Efficiency Solar Cells via CH3NH3Br Selective Ostwald Ripening are published in Nature Communications. It was funded as part of the US SunShot Initiative to drive down the cost of solar electricity to 6 cents per kilowatt-hour.
http://www.smart2zero.com/news/perovski ... fnid=84834

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Re: [Solaire] photovoltaique sans Silicium

Message par energy_isere » 24 oct. 2016, 20:28

Encore des progrés phénoménaux dans le Perovskite :
Researchers at Stanford (Stanford, CA) and Oxford Universities (Oxford, UK) have combined two perovskite materials to produce a stable solar cell with efficiency over 20% that can be printed on a plastic substrate.

October 21, 2016

The researchers have developed four and two-terminal perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells with ideally matched bandgaps. Each cell is printed on glass, but the same technology could be used to print the cells on plastic.

They developed an infrared absorbing 1.2eV bandgap perovskite, FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3, that delivers 14.8% efficiency. By combining this material with a wider bandgap FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3 material, a monolithic two terminal tandem cell provides efficiencies of 17.0% with over 1.65 V open-circuit voltage. The team has also mechanically stacked four terminal tandem cells and obtain 20.3% efficiency.

Image

..............
http://www.smart2zero.com/news/new-pero ... rm-silicon

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par Remundo » 24 oct. 2016, 23:12

si on arrivait à avoir des coûts faibles et une bonne fiabilité, ce serait phénoménal. L'accès à une énergie quasi gratuite, et abondante.

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 25 oct. 2016, 09:38

Remundo a écrit :si on arrivait à avoir des coûts faibles et une bonne fiabilité, ce serait phénoménal. L'accès à une énergie quasi gratuite, et abondante.
Ne nous emballons pas, c'est au niveau labo, sur de faibles surfaces, et a des couts non indiqués.

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par Remundo » 25 oct. 2016, 09:39

chui bien d'accord :roll:

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par hyperion » 25 oct. 2016, 14:50

tout de même couplé avec ce genre de truc , un peu trop de consistance le mirage....;:
energy_isere a écrit :
hyperion a écrit :un mirage de plus?
https://www.youtube.com/embed/N2u6EDwumdQ
Il s'agit de stockage par volant d'inertie en béton par le fondateur de la société Énergiestro qui promeut cela.
Il s' appelle André Gennesseaux.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergiestro
.......
En 2015 la société présente une innovation majeure : le volant de stockage solaire VOSS en béton, qui permet de réduire d'un facteur dix le coût du stockage, et d'envisager des centrales solaires capables de produire 24 heures sur 24. Cette innovation lui permet de remporter le concours EDF PULSE le 4 juin 2015.
viewtopic.php?f=46&t=28798&p=391245#p391245

on avait déjà repéré Energiestro en fevrier 2008 : viewtopic.php?p=169805#p169805

en en Juin 2015 le VOSS primé par EDF Pulse : viewtopic.php?p=377068#p377068

Affaire à suivre.

Sinon dans la vidéo TedX au début à 35s je vois pas ou il a été inventer le solaire PV à 2 cents le KWh.
viewtopic.php?f=46&t=28798&p=391245#p391245
dans 1984, la novlangue; mais surtout la double pensée: la guerre c'est la paix, la liberté c'est l'esclavage, l'ignorance c'est la force, l'hcq c'est hautement toxique

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 25 oct. 2016, 16:48

hyperion a écrit :tout de même couplé avec ce genre de truc , un peu trop de consistance le mirage....;:
....
Tout d' abord attendons qu' une ligne pilote capable de sortir une centaines de m2 par mois de cellule solaire PV au Pérovskite, avec des prix en ligne avec ceux du Silicium traditionnel, avec une durée de vie de 20 à 25 ans comme le Silicium traditionnel, et avec un rendement d'au moins 15%, et alors on rappellera Perette de la fable de La fontaine.

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par hyperion » 25 oct. 2016, 16:53

tout à fait conscient qu'elle puise glisser sur une flaque d'huile....
dans 1984, la novlangue; mais surtout la double pensée: la guerre c'est la paix, la liberté c'est l'esclavage, l'ignorance c'est la force, l'hcq c'est hautement toxique

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 10 nov. 2016, 12:07

Nouveaux résultats de labo : 21.7 % de rendement, avec 2 couches différentes l'une derrière l'autre.
Perovskite solar cell breakthrough sets new efficiency record

November 08, 2016 By Nick Flaherty

Researchers in Berkeley, CA have developed a flexible perovskite solar cell that hits a peak conversion efficiency of 26% and could be manufactured using a low-cost roll-to-roll process.

The researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory use two layers of different perovskite materials that can be sprayed onto a flexible surface. Their design achieves an efficiency of 21.7% and a peak efficiency of 26%.

“We have set the record now for different parameters of perovskite solar cells, including the efficiency,” says Alex Zettl, professor of physics at UC Berkeley, senior faculty member at Berkeley Lab and member of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute. “The efficiency is higher than any other perovskite cell – 21.7 percent – which is a phenomenal number, considering we are at the beginning of optimizing this.”

Previous attempts to merge two perovskite materials have failed because the materials degrade one another’s electronic performance. “This is realizing a graded bandgap solar cell in a relatively easy-to-control and easy-to-manipulate system,” says Zettl. “The nice thing about this is that it combines two very valuable features – the graded bandgap, a known approach, with perovskite, a relatively new but known material with surprisingly high efficiencies – to get the best of both worlds."

"In this case," says Onur Ergen, lead author of the paper and a UC Berkeley physics graduate student, "we are swiping the entire solar spectrum from infrared through the entire visible spectrum. Our theoretical efficiency calculations should be much, much higher and easier to reach than for single-bandgap solar cells because we can maximize coverage of the solar spectrum.”

The key to combining the two materials into a tandem solar cell is a single-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride separating organic molecules methyl and ammonia, one with tin and iodine, the other with lead and iodine doped with bromine. The former is tuned to preferentially absorb infrared light with an energy of 1 eV while the latter absorbs 2 eV yellow photons.

The perovskite/boron nitride sandwich is placed on a lightweight aerogel of graphene that promotes the growth of finer-grained perovskite crystals, serves as a moisture barrier and helps stabilize charge transport though the solar cell, says Zettl, and capped at the bottom with a gold electrode and at the top by a gallium nitride layer that collects the electrons that are generated within the cell. The active layer of the thin-film solar cell is about 400 nanometers thick.

Image
Cross section of the new solar cell, showing the two perovskite layers (beige and red) separated by a single-atom layer of boron nitride and the thicker graphene aerogel (dark gray), which prevents moisture from destroying the perovskite. Gallium nitride (blue) and gold (yellow) electrodes channel the electrons generated when light hits the solar cell.

“Our architecture is a bit like building a quality automobile roadway,” says Zettl. “The graphene aerogel acts like the firm, crushed rock bottom layer or foundation, the two perovskite layers are like finer gravel and sand layers deposited on top of that, with the hexagonal boron nitride layer acting like a thin-sheet membrane between the gravel and sand that keeps the sand from diffusing into or mixing too much with the finer gravel. The gallium nitride layer serves as the top asphalt layer.”

“People have had this idea of easy-to-make, roll-to-roll photovoltaics, where you pull plastic off a roll, spray on the solar material, and roll it back up. With this new material, we are in the regime of roll-to-roll mass production; it’s really almost like spray painting.”

http://www.berkeley.edu

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 08 déc. 2016, 17:00

Pour le Perovskite la bataille est maintenant d'arriver à augmenter la taille des cellules, avec du rendement.
Large perovskite solar cell efficiency hits 12%

December 05, 2016

The race to boost the efficiency of large perovskite solar cells continues with researchers at the University of New South Wales in Australia claiming a new record figure of 12% and looking to double the performance within the next year.

Image

The 12.1% efficiency rating was for a 16 cm 2 perovskite solar cell, the largest single perovskite photovoltaic cell certified with the highest energy conversion efficiency, and was independently confirmed at the international testing centre run by Newport Corp in Bozeman, Montana. The new cell is at least 10 times bigger than the current certified high-efficiency perovskite solar cells on record.

The team also achieved an 18% efficiency rating on a 1.2 cm 2 single perovskite cell, and an 11.5% for a 16 cm 2 four-cell perovskite mini-module with a process that allows larger cystal grains to form.

“This is a very hot area of research, with many teams competing to advance photovoltaic design,” said Anita Ho-Baillie, a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), and leader of the reaearch team (above). “Perovskites came out of nowhere in 2009, with an efficiency rating of 3.8%, and have since grown in leaps and bounds. ! think we can get to 24% within a year or so.” The project’s goal is to lift perovskite solar cell efficiency to 26%.

Perovskites use a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer and are popular because the compound is cheap to produce and simple to manufacture at low temperatures, and can even be sprayed onto surfaces. “The versatility of solution deposition of perovskite makes it possible to spray-coat, print or paint on solar cells,” said Ho-Baillie. “The diversity of chemical compositions also allows cells be transparent, or made of different colours."

The research is part of a A$3.6 million (US$2.6 m, €2.5m) project for the Australian Renewable Energy Agency’s (ARENA) ‘solar excellence’ initiative.
http://www.smart2zero.com/news/large-pe ... cy-hits-12

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 29 mars 2017, 19:56

Alors la ça commence vraiment à devenir sacrément interessant :
Roll-to-roll flexible perovskite solar cells hit record efficiency

March 10, 2017 // By Nick Flaherty

Image

A pan-European collaboration has achieved a record efficiency of 12.6% for roll-to-roll flexible solar cells using perovskite materials.

Solliance, a grouping of research centres and companies from Holland, Belgium and Germany with Solartek, Dyesol and Panasonic, has used an industrially-applicable roll-to-roll process for the production of these cells, paving the way to an accelerated market introduction.

Perovskite microcrystals are a promising material to make high-yielding, thin-film solar cells. They can be processed into thin, light-weight and potentially semitransparent modules that could eventually be integrated in building materials such as windows or curved construction elements. Solliance and its research partners focus on using scalable, industrial processes towards the fabrication of large-area modules, eventually suitable for seamless integration in a broad variety of PV systems.

The current world record efficiency of a small, lab scale perovskite-based PV cell is 22.1%, while other roll to roll technologies using organic dyes have reached 13%.

“The challenge is to upscale perovskite cells to larger size, industrially-manufacturable modules with high efficiency and long lifetime at low cost," said Ronn Andriessen, Program Director at Solliance. "These 12.6% R2R up-scaled perovskite-based solar cells are a first and important step in this development. With this result, we are confident to quickly boost the up- scaled perovskite based PV module efficiency above 15% by using low cost materials and processes. Furthermore, we are working hard to improve the stability of these devices under real life operational conditions."

The roll-to-roll (R2R) process was developed for both the electron transport and the perovskite layers on the new Solliance dual R2R coating line, as developed by Solliance with its partners VDL Enabling Technologies Group (VDL ETG), Smit Thermal Solutions and Bosch-Rexroth. The in-line roll-to-roll coating, drying and annealing processes were executed at a linear speed of 5 m/min on a 30-cm wide commercial PET/ITO foil and under ambient conditions. After applying a newly developed off-line single device finishing step, individual solar cells of 0.1cm2 achieved efficiencies of up to 12,6%, measured under maximum power point tracking conditions during 5 minutes. All process steps on this roll-to-roll line were performed using low cost materials whilst keeping the process temperatures below 120 °C. This shows the high volume production potential of this new emerging thin film PV technology.
http://www.power-eetimes.com/news/roll- ... efficiency

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par energy_isere » 08 juin 2017, 13:04

Les chercheurs de l' EPFL montrent 10 000 heures de fonctionnement sans perte de rendement pour une cellule solaire au Perovskite.
Low-cost perovskite solar cell achieves 10,000-hour+ stability

June 05, 2017 // By Nick Flaherty

Researchers at EPFL in Zurich have developed a low-cost perovskite solar cell that has operated for more than a year without loss in its 11% efficiency and could mark the start of full scale production of perovskite cells.

Image

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin at EPFL worked with Michael Grätzel and neighbouring Swiss perovskite panel maker Solaronix on a 2D/3D hybrid perovskite solar cell that combines the enhanced stability of 2D perovskites with 3D structures. These absorb light across the entire visible spectrum and transport electrical charges.

The 2D/3D perovskite yields efficiencies of 12.9% for a carbon-based architecture that has been developed at Solaronix and 14.6% for a standard mesoporous solar cell.

The team built 10x10 cm 2 solar panels using a fully printable industrial-scale process at Solaronix. The resulting solar cells have now delivered a constant 11.2% efficiency for more than 10,000 hours, while showing zero loss in performance as measured under standard conditions.

The researchers say this reliability means perovskite solar cells can move into full commercial production.

The work is published in Nature Communications this week

http://www.smart2zero.com/news/low-cost ... -stability

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Re: Cellules photovoltaique au perovskite

Message par tita » 04 juil. 2017, 10:42

Merci energyisere de reporter les avancées scientifiques de ces cellules solaires. C'est probablement un des domaines de recherche les plus prometteurs en terme de production d'énergie. Pour les impatients, faut quand même se rendre compte que le PV au perovskite va demander encore beaucoup de développement avant de concurrencer le mastodonte du marché qui est le silicium, qui a connu 40 ans de développement, a l'avantage d'un production de masse réduisant le coûts, et continue de s'améliorer. Là, on a que quelques années de développement... Sans production industrielle.

Par contre, oui, dès qu'on a un prix par Watt inférieur au silicium pour une durée de vie similaire, c'est la fête!

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