Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 27 déc. 2016, 13:15


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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 26 juin 2021, 09:45

La centrale de production hydroélectrique de Belo Monte sur la rivière Xingu

Image

https://news.mongabay.com/2020/01/belo- ... -unviable/

En amont, le barrage de Pimental

Image

Le barrage de Pimental permet de réaliser le reservoir supérieur pour ensuite envoyer l'eau dans un canal de dérivation pour couper la courbe de la riviére.

Image
The Xingu River flows into the Xingu Reservoir where the Pimental dam diverts 80 percent of the river’s flow into a channel and on into the Belo Monte Reservoir, then finally to the electrical turbines of the Belo Monte dam. The Volte Grande do Xingu, deprived of water, has seen significant fish kills. The proposed Canadian Belo Sun gold mine, if allowed to go ahead, could do more environmental harm. Image by Ricardo Abad / Instituto Socioambiental (text translated from Portuguese by Tiffany Higgins).

L'ouvrage hydroelectrique de Belo Monte recoit les 24 turbines de production.

L'ouvrage inférieur crée une retenue artificielle Belo Monte Reservoir sur la figure qui vient inonder la foret Amazonienne.
En tout c'est 500 km2 qui ont été inondés.

L'ensemble à été inauguré par J.Bolsonaro le 27 nov 2019 avec la mise en service de la dernière turbine.

https://www.lemonde.fr/energies/article ... 53054.html

vidéo youtube de 13 mn : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atA3AnjK2Fw

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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 26 juin 2021, 09:50

Et donc comme 500 km2 de foret à été inondé, il apparait des problèmes connus :

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_de_Belo_Monte
WIKIPEDIA
Les grands barrages en Amazonie sont susceptibles de produire une quantité de gaz à effet de serre non négligeable dans les premières années de leur exploitation. En effet, les immenses zones forestières inondées par les lacs de retenue d'eau sont rarement déboisées préalablement, et une fois immergés, les divers végétaux pourrissent, leur décomposition produisant une émission naturelle de gaz à effet de serre23. Les études portant sur le barrage du Tucurui en Amazonie montre que ses émissions actuelles de gaz à effet de serre seraient comparables, pendant les premières années de sa mise en eau, à puissance et productions égales, aux moyens de production utilisant du combustible fossile24.


et la maintenant il sort :
Amazon hydropower plant contributes significant greenhouse emissions: study
Issued on: 25/06/2021

When climate researcher Dailson Bertassoli went to measure greenhouse gas emissions at the Belo Monte hydropower plant in Brazil, the first thing he noticed was the bubbles.

Developers have built hundreds of hydroelectric plants in the Amazon basin to take advantage of the allegedly "green" energy generated by its complex of rivers.

But climate researchers now know hydropower is not as good for the environment as once assumed. Though no fossil fuels are burned, the reservoirs release millions of tons of methane and carbon dioxide as vegetation decays underwater.

So called run-of-river (ROR) dams like Belo Monte along the Xingu River, which have smaller reservoirs and channels allowing reduced river flow, were meant to address the problem, but a study Friday in Science Advances found that has not been the case.

Bertassoli's team studied methane and carbon dioxide emissions during Belo Monte's first two years of operation and compared the results to levels prior to the reservoirs being filled, finding a threefold increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

"Once you have the flooding of dry land, the organic matter that was trapped in the soil starts to degrade," the professor of geology and climate change at the University of Sao Paulo told AFP.

These were the source of the bubbles he saw at one of the plant's reservoirs.

"Instead of a natural river, we now have a reactor that favors the production of methane," he added.


And as fellow author and climate researcher Henrique Sawakuchi pointed out, these "smaller" reservoirs are still quite large, with the largest on a partly dammed river where dead trees stand starkly white amid vast stagnant green channels.

Sawakuchi's brother Andre Sawakuchi, a University of Sao Paulo professor focusing on climate change and river systems who also participated in the study, added that this analysis highlights two issues to consider when building hydropower plants in the region.

One is the local environmental impact on aquatic species unique to the area," he told AFP. "The other is the social impact to indigenous communities that live along the river."
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/2 ... ions-study

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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 11 mai 2022, 10:33

Lancement d''un programme de rénovation/modernisation du barrage d' Itaipu qui fait 14 GW de capacité.
Le consortium mené par GE Renewable Energy remplacera les 20 turbines sur une durée de 14 années.
GE Renewable Energy signs contract for largest technological upgrade of the Itaipu hydropower plant in Brazil

May 3, 2022 evwind

A consortium led by GE Renewable Energy’s hydropower business will be responsible for the technological upgrade of the power plant.
The project highlights GE’s commitment to developing solutions that support the energy transition and decarbonization in South America. Itaipu Binacional was commissioned in 1984 and is the second largest hydropower plant in the world with a capacity of 14 GW.

GE Renewable Energy’s Hydro and Grid Solutions businesses have jointly signed a contract to technologically upgrade the Itaipu hydropower plant in Brazil, the second largest in the world*. A consortium led by GE Hydro Solutions will be responsible for the upgrade of the power plant, which has an installed capacity of 14 GW and is located on the Paraná River between Brazil and Paraguay.

The project, considered the largest technological upgrade of the hydropower plant since its inauguration nearly 40 years ago, is expected to take 14 years and is primarily aimed at updating Itaipu’s technology. The upgrade includes equipment and systems of all 20 power generating units as well as the improvement of the hydropower plant’s measurement, protection, control, regulation and monitoring systems. In total, Itaipu Binacional covers an average 8.4% of Brazilian and 85.6% of Paraguayan electricity consumption.

Pascal Radue, CEO and President of GE Renewable Energy Hydro Solutions, said, “It is an honor and an obligation for us to participate in this largest technological upgrade project of Itaipu since its commissioning. Because of its relevance in providing clean energy to the people of Paraguay and Brazil, Itaipu is key to avoiding future energy crises and ensuring affordable energy for generations to come. Likewise, we look forward to working with GE Grid Solutions to optimize the plant’s operations further enabling Itaipu Binacional to make the most of its assets and resources and meet the demand for clean energy in both countries.”

The implementation of the project is scheduled to last 14 years and is supported by the Paraguayan partner companies CIE and Tecnoedil (responsible for the assembly and supply of general materials, respectively). In addition to the modernization of the 20 power generating units, GE’s general scope of supply includes the supply of medium voltage cubicles, energy management systems, automation technology as well as the delivery of protection, control and supervision systems for the generating units, GIS substation and the existing 500 kV transmission lines, in addition to two new compact GIS substations to increase the reliability of the plant’s electrical auxiliary services.

Itaipu’s executive technical director, David Krug, points out that the upgrade of the plant is the result of extensive planning that began in the early 2000s and went through several phases. According to Krug, the investment is necessary because many assets are still analog or technologically outdated and have been in operation for almost 40 years. In some cases, the manufacturer no longer exists, making it impossible to replace parts. “If we upgrade the plant technologically, the problem of spare parts is eliminated”, he said, adding, “the big advantage is this – we are upgrading the plant to a new state of the art facility and, in doing so, improving the efficiency of the operation and maintenance processes.”

Itaipu Binacional is the single plant that has produced the most energy in history: more than 2.8 billion Gigawatts-hour since 1984. Furthermore, with 14 GW, the plant is the second largest hydropower plant in the world in terms of installed capacity. Each of the 20 generating units has the capacity to power a city of 1.8 million inhabitants. The dam reaches a height of nearly 200 meters and is eight kilometers long.

GE’s involvement in a project of this magnitude underscores the company’s commitment to providing technologies and expertise that contribute to the resilience, efficiency and reliability of the power grid. Together with its customers, GE is contributing to the energy transition, not only with solutions for generation, but also for transmission and distribution of energy around the world.
https://www.evwind.es/2022/05/03/ge-ren ... azil/85926

un petit tour sur Wikipedia : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_d ... 32b4b31972
Le premier turbo-alternateur est entré en service en mai 1984 ; le dix-huitième, le 9 avril 1991. Deux nouveaux groupes ont été mis en service en 2006 portant la puissance totale installée à 14 000 MW. Les vingt groupes de 700 MW sous une hauteur de chute nominale de 118 m, produisent annuellement plus de 90 térawatts-heures (TWh). Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent de la production de la centrale est consommée au Brésil. En 2013, la centrale a établi un record de production de 98,6 TWh, subvenant alors à 90 % de la demande d'électricité paraguayenne et à 19 % de la consommation brésilienne1.
........

L’augmentation de la capacité permet désormais de conserver 18 unités en production en permanence pendant que deux autres sont arrêtées pour maintenance. À cause d’une clause dans le traité signé entre le Brésil, le Paraguay et l’Argentine, le nombre d’unités en production simultanément est limité à 18.
:shock:
Sur les 18 unités génératrices installées, neuf d’entre elles produisent en 50 Hz, la fréquence utilisée au Paraguay, les neuf autres en 60 Hz, la fréquence utilisée au Brésil. Un convertisseur de fréquences est également présent au Brésil pour transformer l’électricité non utilisée par le Paraguay de 50 Hz en 60 Hz.
Image

https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/05/ge-sign ... erica.html

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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 01 oct. 2022, 17:37

GE Renewable Energy awarded contract for maintenance of Belo Monte hydropower plants

By NS Energy Staff Writer 29 Sep 2022
GE will maintain a total of 24 power generating units at the project, which is located on the Xingu River

Image
Belo Monte hydropower plants.

GE Renewable Energy’s hydropower business has signed a five-year contract with Norte Energia covering the full scope of routine, planned and corrective maintenance of the Belo Monte hydropower plant (11 GW) and its complementary powerhouse (Pimental – 233 MW). The amount of energy generated by the Belo Monte project is sufficient to meet the electricity needs of 60 million people.

GE Renewable Energy was previously selected to supply equipment and solutions for the construction and installation of the plants. The contract covers all maintenance work for a total of 24 power generation units. Eighteen of them are located at Belo Monte and another six are at the complementary Pimental powerhouse, located just a few kilometers from the main Belo Monte hydropower plant.

“GE’s experience in the maintenance of large-scale assets, our digital technologies and services, and the fact that we are also a manufacturer put us in a unique position to add value on this important project. We were the only company that could combine the expertise in manufacturing the assets with a corresponding digital offering,” says Pascal Radue, CEO of GE Renewable Energy’s hydro division. He adds, “The five-year contract with Norte Energia for the maintenance of the Belo Monte project’s assets highlights, above all, our experience and knowledge in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of hydropower plants, acquired in more than 20 years as a provider of O&M services in Brazil.”

The Belo Monte power plant is the largest hydropower plant in Brazil and the fourth largest in the world. Ensuring the proper maintenance of the Belo Monte project will help make the best use of its assets and resources to generate clean, affordable and reliable energy for millions of Brazilians. To execute the contract, GE Renewable Energy will assemble a team of professionals with expertise in mechanical, electrical, planning, health and safety, administration, and project management.

GE Renewable Energy is committed to providing and maintaining an installed base of renewable resources, including hydropower, which accounts for more than 60% of the electric grid in Brazil. Working with its customers, GE Renewable Energy is helping to reduce the cost of renewable energy and increase its competitiveness, while accelerating the energy transition worldwide.
https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/g ... er-plants/

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Re: Energie Hydro-électrique au Brésil

Message par energy_isere » 15 oct. 2022, 12:10

Fortes pluies: les chutes d'Iguazu enregistrent un débit dix fois supérieur à la normale
https://www.boursorama.com/videos/actua ... 72ecaaa8d8

14 500 m3 par secondes !

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