Solaire photovoltaique en Chine

[energy_isere]

Un parc solaire de 940 MW sur une ferme piscicole chinoise
À Jiangsu, le fabricant chinois de panneaux solaires DMEGC Solar équipe le projet « Fishery-PV », un parc solaire flottant d’une puissance de 940 MW qui combine production d’énergie photovoltaïque et pisciculture.

août 30, 2024 Francois Puthod


image : DMEGC Solar

Ce projet piscivoltaïque, dont la connexion au réseau est prévue pour octobre prochain, utilise les modules 630W de type N à haut rendement de DMEGC Solar, réputés pour leur efficacité de production d’énergie et leur fiabilité.

Une fois achevée, la centrale solaire flottante devrait produire 1,609 milliard de kWh d’électricité par an, contribuant à réduire de 496 400 tonnes de la consommation de charbon et diminuant les émissions de dioxyde de carbone de 1,2374 million de tonnes. Ce projet devrait également augmenter la valeur de la production chinoise d’environ 1,5 milliard de RMB (près de 200 millions d’euros).

Utilisant une abondante surface d’eau disponible, ce projet intègre la pêche et l’énergie photovoltaïque, créant une situation industrielle mutuellement bénéfique. L’installation de modules photovoltaïques au-dessus des étangs de pisciculture réduit les températures à la surface de l’eau, atténuant les effets négatifs des températures élevées sur la reproduction des poissons.

Les modules photovoltaïques utilisés dans ce projet de 940 MW proviennent tous du site de production de DMEGC Solar à Lianyungang, dans l’est de la Chine, l’une de ses six bases de production.

https://www.pv-magazine.fr/2024/08/30/u ... -chinoise/

[energy_isere]

La Chine, championne du solaire jusqu'à trop en faire

AFP le 10 oct. 2024

Des investissements massifs ont fait de la Chine la championne mondiale de l'énergie solaire, mais sa production jugée excessive lui vaut désormais des surtaxes à l'étranger et une guerre des prix sur son territoire.

La COP29 sur le climat aura lieu du 11 au 22 novembre à Bakou en Azerbaïdjan, avec comme mission de fixer un nouvel objectif pour la finance en direction du climat.

L'an dernier, les pays participants s'étaient engagés à tripler la capacité installée en énergies renouvelables d'ici 2030.

Pékin a une longueur d'avance : le géant asiatique installe actuellement près de deux fois plus d'énergie solaire et éolienne que tous les autres pays réunis.

Huit panneaux solaires sur dix, dans le monde, sont fabriqués en Chine.

Sans surprise, les dix premiers fournisseurs au monde de panneaux solaires sont chinois, avec des exportations à un niveau record de 45 milliards d'euros l'an dernier, selon le cabinet Wood Mackenzie.

Le soutien de l'Etat a été crucial pour permettre cette avancée, souligne les analystes : entre 2011 et 2022, les autorités chinoises ont investi plus de 46 milliards d'euros en nouvelles capacités d'énergie solaire, selon l'Agence internationale de l'énergie.

Le secteur a aussi bénéficié d'un accès à des matériaux peu coûteux, à un financement souple des banques d'Etat et d'une main d'oeuvre quasi-illimitée.

- "En avance" -

"Les producteurs chinois étaient en avance sur tout le monde en termes de coût", explique Lauri Myllyvirta, co-fondateur du Centre de recherche sur l'énergie et l'air propre, un cercle de réflexion. "Cela veut dire que les nouveaux investissements ont lieu en Chine, car c'est là qu'ils sont les plus compétitifs".

De quoi permettre "une très forte progression (...) tant au niveau de la technologie des cellules solaires que du savoir-faire manufacturier", renchérit Johannes Bernreuter, analyste du secteur de l'énergie solaire, ce qui a aussi permis de créer "un écosystème industriel efficace".

Mais cette suprématie inquiète de plus en plus dans le monde : nombre de pays occidentaux, les Etats-Unis en tête, accusent Pékin de "surcapacité" délibérée lui permettant d'inonder le marché de matériel solaire à prix cassés et de tuer ainsi toute concurrence.

En représailles, Washington a doublé les taxes douanières sur les panneaux solaires chinois, les faisant passer à 50%. L'Union européenne enquête sur de possibles subventions excessives reçues par les fabricants chinois de ce secteur.

La plupart des panneaux solaires importés par les Etats-Unis viennent désormais d'Asie du Sud-Est, mais Washington affirme que certains fabricants chinois y ont installé leurs usines pour contourner les surtaxes douanières.

La Chine apporte aussi la quasi-totalité des importations européennes de panneaux solaires venant de l'extérieur de l'UE.

Cela veut dire que de nombreux pays vont avoir du mal à rattraper "deux décennies de politique industrielle chinoise très déterminée et fructueuse", estime Lauri Myllyvirta.

- Réseau surchargé -

Sur son territoire, le secteur solaire chinois est lui aussi confronté à des difficultés : son expansion vertigineuse fait que ses principaux acteurs sont surendettés et le réseau énergétique surchargé, tandis qu'une guerre des prix fait rage, sans que le gouvernement intervienne pour l'instant.

Cette année a été marquée par une vague de faillites et le nombre de nouveaux projets dans l'énergie solaire a chuté de plus de 75% au premier semestre 2024, selon une association du secteur.

Et même si l'an dernier, les exportations ont atteint un niveau record, les recettes ont baissé, reflétant la féroce guerre des prix. C'est comme "un serpent qui se mange la queue", observe David Fishman, analyste de Lantau Group, société de consultants sur le secteur énergétique chinois.

"Beaucoup d'entreprises vont échouer en cours de route", déplore-t-il.

Certes, en mettant l'accélérateur, la Chine a réussi à atteindre son objectif d'installation d'éoliennes et de panneaux solaires avec presque six ans d'avance. Mais son réseau électrique a du mal à suivre le rythme.

Parfois, il faut donc bloquer l'approvisionnement en énergie renouvelable pour éviter un débordement du réseau.

Et cela arrive de plus en plus : le recours à cette procédure dite d'écrêtement a augmenté de 4% sur un an au premier trimestre 2024, selon Fitch Ratings.

Bientôt, les autorités devront donc "arrêter d'approuver de nouveaux projets ou d'autoriser des projets à se connecter au réseau énergétique", prédit David Fishman.

La Chine doit aussi se chercher de nouveaux marchés dans le domaine de l'énergie solaire, notamment en Afrique où ses exportations dans ce secteur ont bondi de 187% en 2023, selon le cercle de réflexion Ember, même si l'Europe reste le principal fournisseur du continent.

https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org ... ire-241010

[energy_isere]

China State Grid unit completes first phase of 1 GW solar-thermal project
State Grid Turpan Power Supply Co. says it has completed the first phase of a 1 GW hybrid solar-thermal energy storage project in western China. It is set to generate more than 2,000 GWh per year.

October 31, 2024 Patrick Jowett

China’s State Grid Turfan Power Supply Co., a subsidiary of State Grid Corp. of China, said it has completed the first phase of a major solar and thermal energy storage project.

The CNY 6 billion ($843 million) installation in Sanshan Qiketai, Turpan, Xinjiang, integrates PV and solar thermal salt energy storage technology.

The 1 GW project includes 900 MW of solar capacity, a 100 MW solar thermal system, and two 220 kV booster stations.

The company said it has also built a 220 kV transmission station to support the project. The first phase is expected to add 2,130 GWh in annual power generation, pushing Turpan’s grid capacity to more than 10,000 GWh for the first time.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/10/31/ ... l-project/

[energy_isere]

La deuxième plus grande centrale solaire du monde est mise en service en Chine
CHN Energy a raccordé au réseau la centrale solaire de Mengxi Lanhai, d’une capacité de 3 GW, après 14 mois de construction. Le projet, situé à Ordos, en Mongolie intérieure, a nécessité un investissement total d’environ 12 milliards de CNY (1,51 milliard d’euros).

novembre 14, 2024 Vincent Shaw


Image : CHN Energy

La société chinoise CHN Energy a mis en service la centrale solaire de 3 GW de Mengxi Lanhai, le plus grand projet d’énergie solaire sur un seul site en Chine et le deuxième au monde.

Le projet, situé à Ordos, en Mongolie intérieure, est un élément clé de l’initiative chinoise « West-to-East Power Transmission » et devrait produire 5,7 TWh par an, ce qui permettra d’alimenter environ 2 millions de foyers.

CHN Energy a raccordé l’installation au réseau après 14 mois de construction. Le projet de 12 milliards de CNY (1,51 milliard d’euros) s’étend sur 70 km² et comprend plus de 5,9 millions de panneaux solaires. Il comprend également deux stations de collecte de 500 kV, huit sous-stations de 220 kV et des lignes de transmission qui acheminent l’électricité vers les régions côtières via une ligne à très haute tension de 800 kV.

Le projet a été financé par China Guodian, une filiale cotée en bourse de CHN Energy, et construit par Power China. Il a été construit sur un terrain précédemment affecté par des affaissements dus à l’exploitation de mines de charbon, ce qui a nécessité une construction spécialisée. Des systèmes de montage flexibles avec des poteaux télescopiques s’adaptent aux mouvements du sol, garantissant un alignement optimal des panneaux.

Le projet comprend également des bras robotisés pour le pré-assemblage, ce qui augmente l’efficacité de 25 %. Des stations d’accueil pour drones et des robots de nettoyage intelligents aident à maintenir les performances de la centrale en automatisant les inspections et le nettoyage des panneaux.

La plus grande centrale photovoltaïque opérationnelle au monde est actuellement le parc photovoltaïque Midong de 3,5 GW situé à Urumqi, dans la région chinoise du Xinjiang.

https://www.pv-magazine.fr/2024/11/14/l ... -en-chine/

autres photos sur Linkedin :

[energy_isere]

Solaire offshore, mais pas flottant ;

CHN Energy starts connecting 1 GW of offshore solar in China
CHN Energy has connected the first phase of its 1 GW offshore solar project in China to the grid, marking progress on what it calls the world’s largest open-sea solar array, capable of powering 2.67 million urban residents upon completion.

November 15, 2024 Patrick Jowett


image: JinkoSolar

CHN Energy’s Guohua Energy Investment Co. Ltd. has connected the first batch of PV units to the grid at its 1 GW open-sea offshore solar project, 8 km off Dongying in Shandong province, China.

The project covers approximately 1,223 hectares and features 2,934 PV platforms installed using large-scale offshore steel truss platform fixed pile foundations. Each platform measures 60 meters in length and 35 meters in width.

JinkoSolar has supplied its n-Type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) Tiger Neo bifacial modules for the project. The company said it tailored its modules for harsh marine conditions, using dual-glass, semi-tempered glass, and POE encapsulation to withstand moisture, salt fog corrosion, seawater exposure, strong winds, and extreme temperatures.

Upon completion, the solar array is expected to meet the electricity needs of approximately 2.67 million urban residents in China.

CHN Energy said it is using an integrated fishing and PV development model, combining fish farming with solar power generation.

Earlier this week, CHN Energy connected its 3 GW Mengxi Lanhai solar facility to the grid. It is currently the second-largest solar project in China and the world.

The world's largest completed offshore floating solar array is currently a 440 MW project in Taiwan, which was commissioned earlier this month.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/15/ ... -in-china/

[energy_isere]

‘Typhoon-resistant’ offshore PV project nears completion in China
China Three Gorges Corp. has nearly completed a 180 MW offshore solar plant, designed for typhoon resistance, off the coast of China.

November 14, 2024 Emiliano Bellini


Image: PowerChina

PowerChina said it has completed about 70% of the Dongshan Xingchen Offshore Photovoltaic Power Station near Zhangzhou, China's Fujian province.

The 180 MW project, covering 203 hectares, will be China’s first offshore PV array designed for high wind speeds and the first project on Fujian’s tidal flats.

China Three Gorges Corp., a state-owned entity, will own and operate the facility.

“The annual average wind speed in the area is 5.2 m/s and the maximum wind speed can reach 48 meters per second,” PowerChina said in a statement, noting that a “domestically developed” mounting structure based on typhoon-resistant brackets is being used for the facility. “It can adapt to the needs of project construction under extreme conditions in typhoon areas and promote the development of typhoon-resistant tidal offshore photovoltaics.”

The project required the construction of a 110 kV onshore booster station and an energy-storage system with an unspecified capacity.

PowerChina is building the facility with the support of Shanghai Electric. Project completion is scheduled for the end of this year.

“In the future, the Dongshan offshore PV project will seek to combine power generation and fishery breeding to become a floating power plant and a sea fish farm,” said Liao Jianxin, general manager of the Fujian branch of China Three Gorges Corp.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/14/ ... -in-china/

[energy_isere]

MEGC Solar energizes 940 MW solar-fishery project
The 940 MW solar installation, deployed above fish ponds to create a complementary fishery-pv project, features over 1.9 million of DMEGC’S infinity series n-type solar modules.

November 21, 2024 Patrick Jowett

DMEGC Solar has completed a 940 MW solar array in Jiangsu, eastern China.

The RMB 5.43 billion ($749.8 million) project, invested and constructed by DMEGC's subsidiaries, is a fishery-PV complementary project, meaning fish farming will take place beneath the solar panels.

A spokesperson for DMEGC told pv magazine the array is currently owned by DMEGC but will be handed over to and run by an undisclosed state-owned company, which will be responsible for determining how the electricity is sold.

Construction of the project began in February. The spokesperson said the installation features over 1.9 million of DMEGC’s infinity series n-type solar modules, which were produced in the company’s Lianyungang factory and feature specially-made junction boxes to resist humidity, alongside inverters from Huawei.

DMEGC's spokesperson added the biggest challenge in construction was the potential impact on fishing. “To solve the problem the special five-string flexible supports are used to enable fewer pile foundations, larger spans, and less environmental impact,” the spokesperson explained. “These flexible supports are supplied by a local manufacturer in Lianyungang.”

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/11/21/ ... y-project/

[kercoz]

Pendant qu'elle nous vend du photovolt...toute la chine produit son eau chaude avec du solaire thermique :
////La Chine est très largement en tête des pays producteurs de chaleur d'origine solaire : en 2021, elle a installé 18 000 MWth de capteurs solaires thermiques, après 17 535 MWth en 2020. Sa part de marché atteint 71 % en 2021 et sa puissance installée cumulée fin 2021 s'élève à 381 000 MWth , soit 73 % du total mondial.////

[mobar]

Le gigantisme des projets PV chinois n,a pas d'équivalent dans le monde
On attend avec délectation la réponse du Trump!

[energy_isere]

100 MW plus haut qu' au sommet du Mt Blanc !

World’s highest photovoltaic solar power project put into operation in China’s Xizang

December 15, 2024 evwind

The second phase of the Huadian Xizang Caipeng Photovoltaic Power Station in Shannan Prefecture of southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, the world’s highest-altitude photovoltaic project, officially began operations on Saturday.

The power station’s second phase is located at an altitude ranging from 5,046 to 5,228 meters above sea level, setting a new record for the highest elevation of such a power station.

Spanning an area of approximately 134 hectares, the second phase boasts an installed capacity of 100 megawatts. The annual average solar radiation at the site is more than double that of flatlands at the same latitude in China, earning it an “A-grade” classification for solar energy richness under the national solar energy resource assessment standards.

“After the second phase of the project is put into operation, we expect an annual power output of 155 million kilowatt-hours, sufficient to meet the annual needs of 50,000 households. This is equivelant to saving about 46,700 tonnes of standard coal annually and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 101,800 tons,” said Tao Kun, project manager of Huadian Xizang Caipeng Photovoltaic Power Station.

To overcome the unique challenges of constructing photovoltaic projects at such high altitudes, the project team continually innovated construction methods. Despite the second phase being twice the size of the first, the introduction of an assembly-line installation process for support structures boosted construction efficiency by nearly 40 percent, shortening the project timeline by 42 days, which ensured the project was completed to high-quality standards before the onset of the harsh plateau winter.

The second phase utilizes cutting-edge photovoltaic panels with a photoelectric conversion efficiency 7.5 percent higher than those in the first phase. These panels are “bifacial”, meaning they generate power from both sides. Light reflected from the ground, or even snow, can be absorbed by the rear panel, enhancing efficiency by 20 percent compared with single-sided panels.

These advanced solar panels, designed to operate for over 25 years, are built to withstand extreme conditions, including gales with speeds ranging from 32.7 to 36.9 meters per second, temperatures as low as minus 40 degrees Celsius, and up to 1.8 meters of snow accumulation.

The second phrase also adopts a “solar-grazing combination” model, allowing for power generation above and livestock grazing below. The extensive solar panels reduce sunlight exposure to the ground, retaining soil moisture and supporting vegetation growth even in winter.


World’s highest solar power project put into operation in China’s Xizang

https://www.evwind.es/2024/12/15/worlds ... ang/103268

[energy_isere]

China hits 277.17 GW of new PV installations in 2024
China’s cumulative installed solar capacity hit 886.66 GW at the end of 2024, with 277.17 GW of new annual installations, up 45.48% year on year. The deployment surge exceeded forecasts, setting a new historical record for PV installations.

January 21, 2025 Vincent Shaw

China’s National Energy Administration (NEA) has released the country’s 2024 electricity industry statistics, with a significant jump in solar capacity.

By the end of 2024, China’s total installed PV capacity had reached 886.66 GW, up 277.17 GW from 609.49 GW at the end of 2023. This marks an annual growth rate of 45.48%, setting a new historical record for solar capacity expansion.

The nation added 216.88 GW of new PV capacity in 2023, up 148.12% from 2022. In 2022, the country added 87.41 GW of solar.

This achievement surpassed most industry forecasts. At the start of 2024, the China Photovoltaic Industry Association (CPIA) had predicted an annual installation range of 190 GW to 220 GW, later adjusting its estimate to 230 GW to 260 GW in October. Similarly, analysts from research firms such as S&P and Wood Mackenzie initially projected optimistic growth figures between 240 GW and 260 GW.

The surge in China’s solar capacity installations is striking compared to recent years. Annual installations during the 2020-22 pandemic were 48.2 GW, 54.88 GW, and 87.41 GW, respectively. Post-pandemic, installations soared to 216.88 GW in 2023 and rose further to 277.17 GW in 2024, marking a 28% year-on-year increase.

Monthly data shows there was a rush to install in December 2024, with 68.33 GW of capacity added, mirroring the same pattern in December 2023. The surge aligns with the annual assessment cycle of state-owned energy enterprises.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/01/21/ ... s-in-2024/

[energy_isere]

China's Solar Growth Set for a Slowdown in 2025

By Irina Slav - Feb 27, 2025,

China’s solar power generation capacity growth this year is set for a slowdown after a record 2024, the industry association of the country said at the association’s annual gathering.

Last year, Chinese solar power developers built some 277 GW of new capacity, improving on the previous year’s additions of 217 GW, which were also a record at the time, Bloomberg noted in a report on the news. In 2025, however, the industry expects between 215 GW and 255 GW in new capacity additions.

One big reason for the slowdown is the fact that the grid is falling behind new solar capacity additions and it needs to be expanded in order to accommodate the new capacity. Excess supply of solar panels also weighed on the industry despite the record year of 2024, according to the industry association.

Another big reason for the slowdown is the introduction of a new power pricing mechanism from June, under which solar generators would have to sell their output on a market basis, Reuters reported. This means that these companies would no longer be able to rely on state subsidies to ensure revenues and profits, and would have to survive on the free market after years of enjoying guaranteed prices paid by the state. The subsidies were an essential part of efforts to boost China’s non-hydrocarbon generation capacity.

According to the National Development and Reform Commission—the country’s economic planner—said it expected prices to remain pretty much the same despite the removal of subsidies for solar across all market segments.

China’s solar panel industry, however, needs to tackle its overcapacity problem amid slowing demand worldwide. Last year, the industry association urged companies to consolidate in order to weather the effects of that overcapacity, which has driven solar capacity growth of an average annual 25% since 2017.

https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News ... -2025.html

[energy_isere]

Chinese PV Industry Brief: January-February solar additions hit 39.5 GW
China’s National Energy Administration (NEA) says that the country added 39.47 GW of new solar capacity in January and February, taking total installed PV capacity to 930 GW.

March 21, 2025 Vincent Shaw

China’s NEA said that the country added 39.47 GW of new solar capacity between January and February, a 7.49% year-on-year increase. By the end of February, the nation’s total power generation capacity reached 3.4 TW, up 14.5% from a year earlier. Solar capacity grew 42.9% year on year to 930 GW, while wind power expanded 17.6% to 530 GW. Investment in power generation projects by major utilities totaled CNY 75.3 billion ($10.4 billion), a modest 0.2% increase, while investment in grid infrastructure surged 33.5% to CNY 43.6 billion.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/03/21/ ... t-39-5-gw/

Au vu de ces chiffres on devine que la Chine va atteindre les 1000 GW de solaire PV cet été.

[energy_isere]

Tibet’s largest solar-storage project powers up at 4,500 m
China’s Huaneng Group has switched on a 250 MW solar plant collocated with a 250 MWh energy storage system in Tibet, marking a milestone in high-altitude renewable energy deployment.

April 7, 2025 Vincent Shaw


Image: China Huaneng Group

China Huaneng Group, one of the country’s largest state-owned electricity generation enterprises, has announced that its Jiawa Phase I solar-plus-storage power plant in Qusong County, Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region, has been successfully connected to the grid. Situated at an elevation exceeding 4,500 m, the facility is now the largest solar-storage project completed in Tibet, with further expansion planned through subsequent phases.

The Phase I plant is located in Jiawa Village and comprises 250 MW of solar capacity alongside a 50MW/200MWh electrochemical energy storage system. The storage unit is designed to absorb excess solar power during daylight hours and release up to 200 MWh of electricity over four hours at night, significantly improving local energy reliability and balancing power demand during peak periods.

The project was developed by Huaneng Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Huaneng Group. Construction officially began in February 2024, and the plant was connected to the grid by the end of March 2025, following 13 months of intensive construction under some of the world’s most challenging conditions.

The project site experiences oxygen levels just 60% of those at sea level, ultraviolet radiation two to three times higher, and temperature swings of nearly 30 C between day and night. The harsh environment limited the annual construction window to less than six months, requiring the team to overcome difficulties including altitude sickness, extreme weather, and reduced machinery efficiency.

Huaneng’s construction team noted that the project yielded valuable experience in high-altitude engineering, laying the groundwork for future large-scale projects in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and other similarly challenging regions.

Once fully operational, the Jiawa Phase I project is expected to generate approximately 370 GWh of electricity annually and play a vital role in alleviating power shortages during peak periods in Tibet.

The Jiawa plant also serves as a flagship project for Huaneng’s Yalong River clean energy base, which is planned in three phases totaling 850 MW. Construction on Phases II and III is scheduled to follow as part of Huaneng’s broader strategy to accelerate clean energy deployment in Tibet, the roof of the world.

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/04/07/ ... at-4500-m/