oleocene.org

GillesH38 a écrit :tu veux que j'aille bruler un cierge sur sa maison, c'est a 100 mètres de chez moi?

La houille blanche

“ De la houille blanche, dans tout cela il n’y en a pas : ce n’est évidemment qu’une métaphore. Mais j’ai voulu employer ce mot pour frapper l’imagination et signaler avec vivacité que les glaciers des montagnes peuvent, étant exploités en forces motrices, être pour leur région et pour l’Etat des richesse aussi précieuses que la houille des profondeurs. L’utilisation du ruisseau de Lancey que j’ai commencée il y a 20 ans et que je poursuis... en est une preuve expérimentale. C’était, au début de 1869, un ruisseau insignifiant, débitant au plus bas une centaine de litres par seconde et faisant à grand’peine mouvoir quelques moulins et battoirs de chanvre de 3 ou 4 chevaux. Aujourd’hui, il actionne une papeterie utilisant 2 000 chevaux, et il peut donner à Grenoble un éclairage électrique de 150 000 lampes, provenant de 15 000 chevaux.”


Aristide Bergès 1889

Green Car Congress a écrit :

Senators Re-Introduce Coal-to-Liquids Legislation
5 January 2007

US Senators Jim Bunning (R-KY) and Barack Obama (D-IL) have re-introduced a piece of legislation that would help create the infrastructure needed for large-scale production of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) fuel in the US.

The proposed “Coal-To-Liquid Fuel Promotion Act of 2007” is based on the bill first introduced by Senators Bunning and Obama last spring and expands tax incentives, creates planning assistance, and develops Department of Defense support for a domestic CTL industry.

The Coal-to-Liquid Fuel Promotion Act of 2007 enables the Department of Energy to provide loan guarantees for construction and direct loans for the planning and permitting of CTL plants. Loan guarantees will encourage private investment and planning loans will help companies prepare a plant for construction.

This legislation also will expand investment tax credits and expensing provisions to include coal-to-liquids plants, extend the Fuel Excise Tax credit, and expand the credit for equipment used to capture and sequester carbon emissions.

Finally, the bill provides the Department of Defense the funding and authorization to purchase, test, and integrate these fuels into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and military fuel supplies.

The Senators also announced they will form the Senate Coal-to-Liquid Fuel Caucus to help drive the legislation forward.

Both Kentucky and Illinois have massive coal reserves. Obama also sponsored the just-introduced BioFuels Security Act of 2007 that would institute a 60 billion gallon Renewable Fuel Standard by 2030. (Earlier post.)

China's coal-to-liquid plant eyes 2010 expansion-report


BEIJING, Jan 28 (Reuters) - China's largest coal producer, the Shenhua Group Co. Ltd., plans to expand its first coal-to-liquids plant to 6 million tonnes a year by 2010, state media reported on Sunday.

The firm aims to start the first phase of the giant project, in northern China's Inner Mongolia, by the end of 2007, the report said, in line with an earlier plan.

When completed, this phase, costing 24.5 billion yuan ($3.15 billion), would produce 3.2 million tonnes of liquid fuels a year, Xinhuanet (http://www.Xinhuanet.com) reported.

The report gave no investment value for the expansion plans.

China, the world's second-largest oil-user and seeking to cut its growing dependence on imports, expects the project to meet a tenth of its needs by 2020.

About 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas are burned off or simply vented at remote oil rigs and refineries that are not connected by pipelines. The practice wastes a precious fuel and pumps methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. Technologies for compressing or liquefying natural gas in order to transport it are expensive and only make sense at large oil fields. So, researchers have been looking for viable technologies to convert the natural gas found at small, isolated oil fields into compounds that are easier to transport and distribute.


A new breakthrough by chemists at the Munich University of Technology, in Germany, and Dow Chemical, in Midland, MI, could lead to a technology for turning methane, the main component of natural gas, into easily transportable and valuable chemicals. Because of its simplicity, the new chemistry could be employed at natural-gas reserves that are in remote locations with no infrastructure to transfer the gas to markets. About half of the world's known natural-gas reserves of 170 trillion cubic meters are in such deposits, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.


Specifically, the researchers found a simple way to convert methane into methyl chloride, which can easily be converted into petrochemicals such as ethylene or propylene, used to make plastics. Ethylene and propylene, says Johannes Lercher, a chemistry professor at the Munich University of Technology, are far easier to transport than methane is.